Chapter 10 and 11 Combined
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 French Indochina | French-ruled colony made up of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia |
| Ho Chi Minh | revolutionary founder of the Indochinese Communist Party |
| domino theory | belief that if a country fell to communism, nearby countries would follow |
| Ngo Dinh Diem | leader of South Vietnam |
| Bay of Pigs invasion | failed U.S. attempt to overthrow Cuba's Communist leader |
| Cuban missile crisis | 1962 confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union caused by Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba |
| Viet Cong | South Vietnamese who fought to overthrow the Diem government and reunite the country under Communist rule |
| Ho Chi Minh Trail | secret route used by North Vietnamese to send troops and supplies to the Viet Cong |
| communism | system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy |
| guerrillas | small bands of fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks |
| guerrilla warfare | surprise attacks by small bands of fighters |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | 1964 legislation that gave President Johnson the power to use military force in Vietnam |
| escalation | policy of increasing military involvement in Vietnam |
| William Westmoreland | general in command of U.S. forces in South Vietnam |
| Tet offensive | surprise Communist attack on U.S. and South Vietnamese forces in 1968; further weakened American support for the war |
| napalm | jellied gasoline that burns violently; used to destroy vegetation and as a weapon |
| Agent Orange | chemical that kills plants; used in Vietnam to expose Viet Cong hideouts |
| counterculture | movement of mostly young Americans who had become disillusioned with the Vietnam War and injustices in society |
| doves | U.S. citizens who opposed the Vietnam War |
| hawks | U.S. citizens who supported the Vietnam War |
| Richard Nixon | Republican president elected in 1968 |
| Vietnamization | strategy for withdrawing U.S. troops and turning the ground fighting over to the South Vietnamese |
| Cambodia | country bordering Vietnam |
| commune | a place where people or families live together and share everything |
| ambush | an unexpected attack from a hidden position |
| twenty-sixth amendment | constitutional amendment passed in 1971 that lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 |
| War Powers Act | legislation passed in 1972 to limit the president's war-making powers |
| integrate | to open to people of all races or ethnic groups |
| Thurgood Marshall | NAACP legal counsel and the first African-American Supreme Court Justice |
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | 1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional |
| Montgomery bus boycott | 1955 protest action to end segregation on buses in Montgomery, Alabama |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | an influential leader of the civil rights era, assassinated in 1968 |
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) | organization that coordinated nonviolent civil rights protests across the South |
| sit-in | protest in which people sit in a place and refuse to move until their demands are met |
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | organization created to give young people a greater role in the civil rights movement |
| grassroots | group of ordinary people who come together at a local level for a cause |
| activism | direct action taken to support or oppose a social or political goal |
| Freedom Rides | protests against segregation on interstate busing in the South |
| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) | organization that planned Freedom Rides |
| March on Washington | huge civil rights demonstration in Washington, D.C., in 1963 |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | law banning segregation in public places and creating the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
| Freedom Summer | 1964 voter-registration drive for Southern blacks |
| Voting Rights Act | 1965 law banning literacy tests and other laws that kept blacks from registering to vote |
| Great Society | President Johnson's programs to help the poor, elderly, and women |
| Malcolm X | African-American activist killed in 1965 |
| disenfranchised | people deprived of legal rights, especially the right to vote |
| Dolores Huerta | Mexican-American union organizer and negotiator |
| Cesar Chavez | Mexican-American union organizer and leader |
| National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) | organization founded in 1944 to promote rights of Native Americans |
| Betty Friedan | women's rights leader and author of The Feminine Mystique |
| National Organization for Women (NOW) | organization founded in 1966 to get women good jobs at equal pay |
| Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) | amendment proposed that would give equality of rights regardless of sex |
| Latinos | people in the United States who trace their origins to Latin American countries and cultures |
| abridged | shortened |
| assimilate | to blend into society |
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