Biology Final- Ch. 9 & 12
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Trait | a physical behavior or biochemical characteristic controlled by genes |
| Law of Segregation | 2 copies of the genes for the same trait separate into different gametes |
| The "Law of Segregation" was established by... | Gregor Mendel |
| Genotypes | Actual combo of genetics/alleles |
| Alleles | Different Version of genes governing the same trait |
| Phenotypes | What we see |
| Homozygous Dominant | 2 capital letters |
| Heterozygous | Capital letter and lowercase letter |
| Homozygous Recessive | Recessive Genes |
| Dihybrid Cross | A cross between 2 species that focuses on 2 traits |
| Law of Independent Assortment | genes of different traits separate into gametes independently from each other |
| Codominance | like incomplete dominance, neither allele is truly dominant over the other, but both alleles get expressed as opposed to an intermediate phenotype |
| Linked Genes | genes that are formed on the same chromosomes & hence tend to get inherited together |
| Rules for Sex-Linked Problems | - If a gene is sex-linked, it is found on X, but not Y - Think of the gene and chromosome as a unit (Xb,Xr) - Phenotypic ratios must include sex (red eyed females) |
| Continuous Variation | many of our traits (height, IQ, hair color) span a wide range of phenotypes & typically under control of multiple genes |
| Modifier Genes | Can change expression of other genes |
| XX | Female |
| XY | Male |
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