Chemistry Final
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Created by:
14cnichols on May 28, 2012
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 compound | at least 2 elements are chemically bonded to form a molecule or compound |
| pure substance | one type of particle present (can only be separated by chemical means) |
| element | no particles present are chemically bonded |
| mixture | more than 1 type of molecule present |
| diatomic | 2 different types of atoms in a molecule (pure diatomics are when the 2 atoms are the same; hydrogen, bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine) |
| What is Dalton's Law of Definite Proportions? | every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight |
| What is Dalton's Law of Multiple Proportions? | When 2 elements combine, they do so in the ratio of small, whole numbers |
| What is filtration? | Filtration is the process of removing suspended solids from water by passing the water through a permeable fabric or porous bed of materials. |
| What is distillation? | the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors |
| What is relative mass? | the ratio of the average mass per atom of the naturally occurring form of an element to one-twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon |
| Particle size does not have an effect on what? | The volume that a given number of gaseous particles occupy |
| How do you convert 3.3 g Cu to moles? | 3.3 g Cu (1 mol Cu/ 64 g Cu)= .052 mol Cu |
| When do you use 6.022 x 10^23? | If you are given grams and must convert it to molecules or atoms, you must use it (note: for atoms, you must count how many atoms there are) |
| What goes first in an empirical formula, non-metal or metal? | metal |
| How do you find the empirical formula? | You convert the grams given to moles and find the empirical formula based on the ratio between the two gram amounts. |
| How do you find the percent composition of a compound? | You divide the gram amount given of a certain thing by the total mass of the compound |
| What is the difference between an electrolyte and a non-electrolyte? | An electrolyte can conduct in a liquid and a non-electrolyte is a crappy conductor in a liquid |
| What is the difference between an atom and an atom? | An atom is neutral and an ion is an atom with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons (an atom has the same number of electrons and protons and a net charge of zero, but an ion has a charge with an unequal number of electrons or protons. An ion is made from an atom that has gained or lost electrons) |
| How does an atom change into an ion? | An atom changes into an ion when it gains or loses electron. The atom gives up an electron to another atom/molecule/solution or receives an electron from other atoms/molecules/solutions |
| How is an anion different from a cation? | An ion was once an atom, but lost electrons, so the number of electrons became greater than the number of protons. A cation was once an atom, but gained electrons, the the number of electrons became greater than the number of protons. |
| What is hexa? | 6 |
| What is hepta? | 7 |
| What is octa? | 8 |
| What is nona? | 9 |
| What is deca? | 10 |
| Are there prefixes in ions? | no |
| Which is bigger: anion or cation? | anion |
| If dissolved, do ions dissociate? | yes |
| Do molecules dissociate if they dissolve? | no |
| Why do liquids conduct electricity better? | Both positive and negative charges can move in a liquid |
| What is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds? | if there is a prefix, it is molecular; the ending is always -ide |
| Is an ion an atom? | Technically yes, you are just being more specific in calling an atom an ion. |
| What does it mean to say that something is neutral? | It has an equal number of electrons and protons (must also have an electron cloud to be neutral) |
| How many electrons can you have in the circles? | 2, then 8, then 8 |
| What does octate mean? | Everyone wants 8 electrons in the outer ring |
| What are noble gases? | They are stable |
| How can you tell if something is an ionic compound? | There is a metal and a non-metal, anything with a polyatomic, or 2 metals |
| How can you tell if something is a molecular compound? | 2 non-metals |
| When is there a bond? | to form noble gases |
| When is there a covalent bond? | non-metal atoms, when electrons are shared between atoms |
| When is there an ionic bond? | metal and non-metal, electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| What is a latice? | Alternating positive and negative ions |
| A small latice has what kind of boiling point: high or low? Is it easy or hard to break the bond? | low boiling point, easy to break bond |
| A large latice has what kind of boiling point: high or low? Is it easy or hard to break the bond? | high boiling point, had to break bond |
| Do ionic compounds have high or low boiling points and strong or weak bonds? | high boiling points, hard to break bonds |
| Do ionic compounds conduct electricity? | Yes, when melted or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move (ionic compounds are usually soluble in water and solids are room temperature; they CAN conduct electricity) |
| Do molecular compounds have high or low boiling points and strong or weak bonds? | low belting and boiling points |
| Do molecular compounds conduct electricity? | No (many molecular compounds are gases at room temperature and insoluble in water) |
| What is conductivity? | moveable charge (unique to metals) |
| What is electricity? | moving electrons (metal is the bet substance to conduct electrons) |
| Why can metals in part conduct with a solid? | Medals adapt to their environment |
| Is a polarized species neutral? | yes (It is polarizable so the negative charge can move form atom to atom) |
| In a solid, what charge(s) can move? | only the negative can move |
| What allows electrons to move from metal to metal? | Gaps in electron cloud |
| In a liquid, what charge(s) can move? | Both positive and negative charges |
| If something can be dissolved in something else, is is a mixture or a pure substance? | mixture |
| What is a dipole? | The separation of the charge |
| BCA tables give you what types of values? | theoretical |
| What is percent yield? | actual/theoretical |
| What are the five types of reactions? | combustion, combination (synthesis), decomposition, single replacement, double replacement |
| What is the limiting factor? | Whatever has less moles... |
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