| Term | Definition |
|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| 92 | different naturally occurring elements |
| protons | inside the nucleus of an atom, have mass, identify what the element is positive charge |
| electron | outside the nucleus. negative charge, no mass. you can change the number of electrons, normally one ________ per proton, they repel each other |
| orbitals, shells | electrons are found in certain zones______ or ________ |
| neutron | natural charge. they have mass and are in the nucleus. they hold everything together in the nucleus |
| atomic mass | # of protons + # or neutrons |
| atomic number | the number of protons |
| isotopes | different atomc mass, same atomic number |
| hydrogen, deutrium, tritrium | three different isotopes for hydrogen |
| electrons, protons, neutrons | subatomic particles |
| tabs | isotopes can be used as ______ |
| radioactive | some isotopes are __________ |
| empty space | atoms are mostly ___________ |
| ion | an atom with a charge |
| gain or lose | atoms can _________________ electrons in order to make sure that their valence shell has no vacancies or extra atoms |
| stable configuration | every available electron slot in the outer electron shell has been filled |
| 2, 2 | valence shell:1, valence electrons:____, total when filled:________ |
| 8, 10 | valence shell:2, valence electrons:____, total when filled:________ |
| 8, 18 | valence shell:3, valence electrons:____, total when filled:________ |
| noble gasses | the _________ have an electron config such that they fill their outer electron shell |
| ionic bonding | transfer electrons |
| covalent bonding | sharing electrons |
| space where electrons might be found | electrons do not travel in straight lines, so shells are a ______________ |
| repel, like their space | electrons ______ each other and _____________ |
| molecules | groups of atoms |
| compound molecule | groups of different types of atoms |
| elemental molecule | groups of the same type of atoms |
| macromolecule | huge compound molecule |
| non polar covalent bond | if atoms share electrons mostly equally, or equally |
| polar covalent bond | if electrons spend much more time near the nucleus with the strongest pull on the electrons |
| negative | water itself has no net charge but oxygen has a slightly___________ charge |
| positive | water itself has no net charge but hydrogen has a slightly___________ charge |
| electronegativity | atoms dont share electrons equally and the affinity for electrons is reflected in their _____________ value |
| 3.5 | electronegativity of oxygen |
| 2.1 | electronegativity of hydrogen |
| 3.0 | electronegativity of nitrogen |
| cation | positive ion |
| anion | negative ion |
| covalent bonds | atoms in the middle of the periodic table form ________. |
| cohesiveness, all three states, surface tension, universal solvent | water has ______, exists in________ on earth, has _________, and is a _________. |
| H | symbol for hydrogen |
| H^+ | hydrogen ion (it's just a proton) |
| Hsub2 | hydrogen molecule (covalently bonded) |
| 2H | 2 hydrogen atoms, not bonded |
| 2Hsub2 | two hydrogen molecules |
| ^2H | deutrium |
| Ca^(+2) | calcium ion |
| S^(-2) | sulfide ion |
| Osub2 | molecule of oxygen |
| Hsub2O | water compound |
| less dense | water becomes ________when it freezes |
| hydrogen bonding | attraction of electrons of a slightly positive atom of one molecule to the slightly negative atom of another molecule. |
| 9 | water expands ______% |
| H^+ | hydrogen ion |
| hydrogen ion | unbound free proton, has important biological effects, forms when water ionizes |
| disassociation | the molecule "breaking" |
| H^+ | proton |
| OH^- | hydroxide ion |
| pH | hydrogen ion concentration |
| -log[H^+] | the formula for pH |
| mole | 6.02*10^23 molecules(or atoms) |
| increase or decrease | a change of n on the pH scale is an ________________ of 10^n |
| .001 | pH 3=_____ moles of H^+ liter |
| acid | a substance that yields H^+ ions in solution |
| more | smaller the pH number, ____ H^+ ions |
| base | a substance that accepts hydrogen ions in solution |
| less | larger the pH number, _____H^+ ions |
| neutral | pH 7, same number of H^+ and OH^- |
| homeostasis | the body's way of staying normal (not too much, not too little) |
| buffer | constant (resists changes in pH) |
| salts | a compound that yields ions other than H^+ ions or OH^- in solution |
| electrolyte | the salty solution itself is called an ________________ |
| HCl | hydrocloric acid |
| NaOH | sodium hydroxide (base) |
| bicarbonate | the buffer in your blood |
Combine with other sets
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