| Term | Definition |
|---|
| diffusion | the movement of molecules or particles from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
| concentration gradient | the difference in concentration between a region of greater concentration and a region of lesser concentration |
| equilibrium | in biology, when there are as many molecules moving out of an given area as are moving into the area |
| facilitated diffusion | a process by which certain molecules are moved very quickly across a cell membrane |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration of water to a region of lower concentration of water |
| osmotic pressure | the increase in pressure resulting from the flow of water in osmosis |
| isotonic solution | a solution that contains the same concentration of solutes (a dissolved substance) and of water molecules as another solution |
| hypotonic solution | a solution that has lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water molecules compared to another solution |
| hypertonic solution | a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water compared to another solution |
| turgor pressure | the pressure against a plant cell wall resulting form the osmotic flow of water into the cell |
| plasmolysis | the shrinking of the cell contents (cytoplasm) due to the loss of water by outward osmosis |
| passive transport | the process by which materials move across the cell membrane without expenditure of cellular energy |
| active transport | the process by which materials move across the cell membrane requiring the expenditure of cellular energy |
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