Patient Care and Physical Diagnosis Test 1
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Created by:
Derrickcrabtree on May 28, 2012
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88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are the four paranasal sinuses? | Frontal Maxillary Sphenoid Ethmoid |
| What is the most common site of sinusitis? | maxillary |
| What are salivary glands that are all over the tongue, palate, lips, and the lining of the cheek? | intrinsic |
| What are extrinsic salivary glands? | glands that secrete more saliva when eating |
| What are the extrinsic salivary glands? | Parotid Submandibular Sublingual |
| What is a sialadentis? | a salivary gland infection |
| What is the most common immunologic disorder associated with salivary gland disease? | Sjogren's Syndrome |
| What are the demographics of most Sjogren's cases? | women 50 and older |
| What is the difference in primary vs secondary Sjogren's syndrome | primary only involves the exocrine glands and secondary is autoimmune associated ie RA |
| What makes a swollen lymph node more likely to be malignant than infected? | slowly progressive firm multiple nodes involved not mobile |
| WHat node do the throat and thyroid drain too? | ant cervical |
| What drains into the sub-mandibular lymph node? | floor of the mouth |
| What drains into the Supra-clavicular node? | thorax |
| What is the usual site of an emergency tracheotomy? | cricothyroid ligament |
| What is the chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland not due to neoplasm? | Goiter |
| Which of the following is not a cause of goiter nodules to form? a. Hashimotos b. Graves Disease c. Iodine deficiency d. Neoplasm | iodine deficiency |
| When should a suspicious thyroid lesion be re-evaluated? | 2-weeks |
| What is the sensation of being unsteady? | dysequilibrium |
| Sudden onset of dizziness raises suspicious for what? | arrhythmia |
| If one feels lightheaded under exertion it is likely caused by__________? | aortic stenosis |
| A conductive hearing loss is associated with what part of the ear? | outer and middle |
| A sensorineural hearing loss is associated with what parts of the auditory system? | cochlea, cochlear nerve, central pathways |
| What is a positive Rinne test? | indicates perceptive loss; heard longer by air conduction then bone |
| What is a negative Rinne test? | heard longer on the bone; indicates a conductive hearing loss |
| If air conduction is greater than bone conduction is this always an indication of hearing loss? | no it is normal OR sensorineural |
| When is the Weber test useful? | in asymmetrical hearing loss |
| Which ear hears the sound the loudest in conductive deafness during Webber testing? | the affected ear |
| During Webber testing what ear hears the sound the loudest in sensorineural deafness? | the un-affected ear |
| What are the four vital signs? | Breathing Pulse Temperature Blood Pressure |
| WHen should a pulse be counted for the full 60 seconds? | if the pulse is irregular |
| What are the two central pulse points? | Carotid and Femoral |
| Where is a childs pulse under 1 felt for? | Brachial |
| Which pulse most accurately reflects the aortic pulsation? | Carotid |
| What is the normal pulse rate? | 60-100 |
| Which of the following is not a way to accurately describe a pulse? a. Bounding b. Regular c. Thready d. Weak | all of the above are ways to describe the pulse |
| The cardiac pacemaker is the _______? | SA node |
| True or False the AV node conducts faster than the bundle of His? | False |
| What parasympathetic receptor dominates the sinus rhythm? | M2 |
| What part of the brain controls the cardiovascular center? | medulla |
| The lub sound of the heart is associated with what valve? | A-V valve closure and the start of systole |
| The dub sound of the heart is associated with valves? | closure of the pulmonary and aortic valve and start of diastole |
| A cuff that is of an improper size will give what type of BP reading? | false High |
| What is the standard for BP monitoring? | Mercury Sphygmomanometer |
| What is Korotkoff sounds? | the sound of the blood in the brachial artery during bp measurment |
| Systolic and Diastolic pressure should be measured to the nearest ____ mm hg | 2 |
| A patient who is nervous will give what type of diastolic reading? | False high |
| Where is a BP taken to rule out coarctation of the aota? | the leg |
| True or False It is normal to have a higher systolic pressure in the legs than the arms? | False |
| What are the only two conditions that cardiac arrest doesn't override? | external hemorrhage or airway obstruction |
| What is the primary cause of cardiac arrest? | electrical dysfunction |
| What is the major rhythm in pre-hospital cardiac arrest? | V-fib |
| Where is the AV node located? | interatrial septum |
| What is the purpose of the AV node slowing the conduction? | to permit completion of atrial contraction |
| What is the function of the bundle of His? | functional passage of the impulse from atria to ventricles |
| What is the p-wave caused by? | arial depolarization |
| What causes the QRS complex? | ventricular depolarization |
| Which wave is usually not seen in EKG? | U wave |
| What is electromechanical dissociation? | organized electrical depolarization without mechanical contractions |
| What muscles change the pleural pressure? | diaphragm, intercostal and abdominal walls |
| What are the two types of respiratory neurons? | inspiratory and expiratory |
| Respiratory neurons generate an efferent signal via what nerves? | phrenic to the diaphragm and the spinal nerves to the intercostal and abdominal walls |
| Half of the mass of the lung is made up of_______? | blood volume |
| What is the purpose of surfactant in the lungs? | reduces surface tension that allows the alveoli to expand |
| Fibromyalgia syndrome is characterized by what three things? | chronic pain tender points fatigue |
| What is a possible cause of Fibromyalgia? | abnormally high levels of substance P in the spinal fluid that can turn up the brains pain center |
| What is the Criteria for Fibromyalgia? | widespread pain for 3 months and pain in 11 out of 18 points |
| What are some treatments for fibromyalgia? | antidepressants anti-epileptics gabapentin |
| What is polymyositis? | a group of disorders that present with progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness and inflammation of skeletal muscle |
| What are the demographics of a typical polymyositis patient? | 40-60 yr old black woman |
| What is dermatomyositis? | a skin rash associated with myositis symptoms that is often associated with malignancy |
| What are the characteristics of osteoporosis? | low bone mass microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue bone mineral density T score < 2.5 |
| What type of osteoporosis is caused by lack of estrogen? | type 1 |
| What is type II osteoporosis? | increased bone turnover |
| What is the gold standard for evaluating osteoporosis? | Dual enrgy X-Ray Absorptiometry |
| What is the difference in arthralgia and arthritis? | arthralgia is joint pain but may not have any inflammation |
| What is the most common type of arthritis in the US? | osteoarthritis |
| True or False Arthritis pain most often comes from the cartilage. | False, cartilage is aneural |
| Where do heberdens nodes form? | distal interphlangeal joints |
| What nodes form at proximal interphalangeal joints? | Bouchards |
| What are some of the complications of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? | leg length discrepancy eye involvement; anterior uveitis active arthritis in adults radiographic joint damage |
| What are the treatments of JRA? | NSAIDS and steroids ENBREL Methotrexate |
| HLA-B27 has association with what diseases? | Spondyloarthropathies |
| What is the RF factor of Psoriatic arthritis? | RF negative |
| Who is more likely to get ankylosing spondylitis? | men 3x more likely |
| How does ankylosing spondylitis cause its problems? | chronic inflammation leads to joint remodeling and destruction |
| What are three diagnostic tools for ankylosing spondylitis? | Schober test lateral spine flexion test Chest expansion test |
| What is the triad of Reiter's syndrome? | seronegative asymmetric arthritis inflammation of the urinary tract conjunctivitis |
| What is Pagets disease? | excess bone destruction and unorganized bone formation and repair and osetoclasts show abnormal morphology |
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