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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes Nucleotide a subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Chromatid Each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division; starts to tightly wind around Chromatin relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of a cell; starts to coil around with proteins Chromosome the structures that contain the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation of cells. Cell Cycle process of cellular reproduction, occurring in three main stages- interphase (growth), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division). Interphase the stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates, or makes copies of its DNA in preparation for the next stage of the cycle (mitosis). Mitosis the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus and nuclear material (DNA) divide. Prophase the cells chromatin tightens, or condenses, into chromosomes...DNA gets into chromosome form, Centromere the structure at the center of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached Spindle Fibers (spindle apparatus) the whole structure, including the spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers; attach to centromere of DNA and help move chromosomes. Metaphase the second stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids are pulled by motor proteins along the spindle apparatus toward the center of a cell and line up in the middle, or equator, or the cell Anaphase chromatids are pulled apart, the third stage of mitosis Telophase last stage of mitosis, stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to relax, or decondence; nucleus reforms. Cancer uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and also may be caused by environmental factors Carcinogen cancer-causing substance Stem cell unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the right conditions.