Bio 104
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Herbaceous Plants | nonwoody. In temperate climates, the aerial parts (stems and leaves) of herbaceous plants die back to the ground at the end of the growing season. |
| What is the function of lignin? | strengthening polymer made up of monomers derived from certain amino acids. |
| Define and give and example of an Annual | Annuals are herbaceous plants (such as corn, geranium and marigold) that grow, reproduce, and die in one year or less. |
| Define and give an example of a Biennual. | take 2 years to complete theirt life cycles before dying. Examples include: carrot, Queen Anne's lace, cabbage, and foxglove |
| Define and give an example of a Perennial | herbaceous and woody plants that have the potential to live for more than 2 years. In temperate climates, the aerial stems of herbaceous plants such as iris, rhubarb, onion, and asparagus die back each winter. |
| Dormancy | an organism reduces it metabolic state to a minimum level to survive unfavorable conditions. |
| Deciduous Plant | shed their leaves before winter and produce new stems with new leaves the following spring |
| Evergreen Plant | shed their leaves over a long period of time, so some leaves are always present. |
| Root System | the underground portion of a plant that anchors it in the soil and absorbs water and dissolved minerals. |
| Shoot System | the above ground portion of a plant, such as stem and leaves |
| What is the function of Ground Tissue? | photosynthesis, storage, and support |
| What is the function of the vascular tissue? | strengthens and supports the plant |
| What is the function of the Dermal Tissue | provides a covering for the plant body |
| What is the function of Parenchyma Tissue? | storage, secretion and photosynthesis |
| What is the function of Collenchymas Tissue? | Provides much of the support in soft, nonwoody plant organs. |
| What is the function of Sclerenchyma Tissue | provides strength and support in the plant body |
| What is the function of Sclereids? | They are small bundles of sclerenchyma tissue in plants that form durable layers. |
| What is the function of Fibers? | support the plant |
| Cellulose | structural polysaccharide consisting of beta glucose subunits; the main constituent of plant primary cell walls |
| Pectin | another cementing polysaccharide that is less variable in its monomer composition then the hemicelluloses. |
| What is the function of Xylem? | conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves and provides structural support. |
| What is the function of Phloem? | conducts food materials, that is, carbs formed in photosynthesis throughout the plant and provides structural support |
| Epidermis | complex tissue composed primarily of relatively unspecialized living cells. |
| Cuticle | a noncell, waxy convering over the epidermis of the aerial parts of plants that reduce water loss. |
| Stomata | small pores located in the epidermis of plants that provide for gas exchange for photosynthesis; each stoma is flanked by 2 guard cells, which are responsible for its opening and closing |
| Guard Cell | one of a pair of epidermal cells that adjust their shape to form a stomatal pore for gas exchange. |
| Periderm | tissue that can be anywhere from several to many layers thick, forms under the epidermis to provide a new protective covering as the epidermis is destroyed |
| Cork Cell | a cell in the bark that is produced outwardly by the cork cambium; cork cells are dead at maturity and function for protection and reduction of water loss |
| Cork Parenchyma | one or more layers of parenchyma cells produced inwardly by the cork cambium |
| Describe Meristematic Cells | also known as stem cells. A relatively undiffrentiated cell capable of repeated cell division. At each divison, at least one of the daughter cells usually remains a stem cell, wheras the other may differentiate as a specific cell type |
| Primary Growth | an increase in the length of a plant that occurs at the tips of the shoots and roots due to the activity of apical meristems |
| Secondary Growth | an increase in the girth of a plant due to the activity of the vascular cambium, this kind of growth results in the production of secondary tissue ex). wood and bark |
| Apical meristems | areas of dividing tissue, located at the tip of a shoot or root that gives rise to primary tissues; cause an increase in the length of the plant body. |
| Lateral Meristems | areas extending along the entire length of the stems and roots |
| Cork Cambium | located on the outer bark, composed of a thin cylinder or irregular arrangement of meristematic cells |
| Bark | the outer most covering over woody stems and roots, consists of all plant tissues located outside the vascular cambium. |
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