| Term | Definition |
| Covalent bond | Bond formed by two atoms sharing electrons |
| Polar molecule | Molecule that has slightly positive and negative ends |
| Adaptation | A physical, chemical, or behavioral feature that helps an organism survive |
| Plankton | Organisms that float on the surface of the water |
| Nekton | Organisms that swim in the water column |
| Benthos | Organisms that live on the bottom of a lake, stream, or ocean |
| Homeostasis | The ability of an organism to keep its body in balance |
| Gills | Structures found in fish that help maintain oxygen/carbon dioxide balance |
| Fibrous roots | Roots that hold deep into mud |
| Aerial roots | Roots that help plants that grow in stagnant water get air |
| Stilt roots | Roots that help plants growing in salt water get fresh water |