Chapter 17 acid/base vocab
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Created by:
aislingdennehy on May 29, 2012
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hydronium ion | hydrogen ion combines with a water molecule to form a hydronium ion, H3O(+) |
| conjugate acid-base pair | consists of two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion |
| strong acid | an acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution equilibrium lies far to the right has a relatively weak conjugate base |
| total ionic equation | a chemical equation for an aqueous reaction that shows all the soluble ionic substances dissociated into ions. |
| ion-product/dissociation constant | Kw, the equilibrium constant for the auto-ionization of water Kw=[H+][OH-] |
| titration | process in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution MV=MV |
| organic acids | carbon atom backbone commonly contain carboxyl group weak acid |
| conjugate acid | newly formed acid on reactant side, the species that is formed when a Bronsted-Lowry base gains a proton |
| dissociation | process where cations and anions in an ionic compound separate in solution |
| weak acid | an acid that is only slightly ionized in aqueous solution equilibrium lies far to the left conjugate base is stronger than water |
| conjugate base | newly formed base on reactant side, the species that remains after a Bronsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton |
| oxyacids | acidic hydrogen is attached to an oxygen atom strong acid |
| standard solution | a solution whose concentration is accurately known |
| amphiprotic | having characteristics of both an acid and a base and capable of reacting as either |
| p scale | based on logarithms N=a number pN= -logN |
| arrhenius base | a substance that ionizes in water to release hydroxide ions |
| acid-base indicator | a chemical dye whose color is affected by acidic and basic solutions |
| arrhenius acid | a substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions |
| ionization | process where polar compounds separate into cations and anions in solution |
| Bronsted-Lowry model | model of acids and bases in which an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor |
| autoionization reaction | two water molecules react to produce a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion |
| strong electrolyte | a solution in which a large portion of the solute exists as ions good conductor of electricity |
| diprotic acid | an acid that can donate two protons per molecule strong acid |
| weak electrolyte | a solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exists as ions |
| buffer | solution that resists change in pH when an acid or a base is added |
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