Anatomy: Heart
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 the cardiovascular system consists of what two circuits? | pulmonary circuit & systemic circuit |
| pulmonary circuit | right side of the heart; carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns to the heart |
| systemic circuit | left side of the heart; supplies blood to every organ of the body |
| direction of the pulmonary circuit | blood that has circulated through the body pumps into a large artery called the pulmonary trunk -> o2-poor blood goes to lungs & picks up fresh o2 -> returns to the LEFT side of the heart via pulmonary veins |
| direction of the systemic circuit | blood is pumped into the aorta where it delivers o2 to every organ and picks up waste -> blood returns via SUPERIOR VENA CAVA & INFERIOR VENA CAVA -> drains into R atrium |
| superior vena cava drains... | upper body |
| inferior vena cava drains... | everything below the diaphragm |
| what are the great vessels? | pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, aorta, superior vena cava & inferior vena cava |
| where are the great vessels located? | at the base of the heart, the opening of the pericardial sac |
| what are the layers of the wall of the heart? | fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, epicardium (adipose + visceral pericardium), myocardium, endocardium |
| what are the functions of fibrous skeleton? | 1.structural support 2. prevents valves from overly stretching 3. anchors myocardium 4. electrical insulator between atria & ventricles |
| fibrous skeleton | collagen & elastic fibers btwn. chambers and around valves |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium; takes up more space and begins to rub when the heart beats |
| cardiac tamponade | extra fluid within the pericardial cavity; doesn't allow the heart to fully expand and fill, causes heart fibrillations |
| where is the heart anatomically located? | thoracic cavity, btwn. the lungs & deep to the sternum, superior to the diaphragm |
| left & right atria | - superior base of the heart - thin-walled - receives blood returning to the heart by way of the pulmonary veins |
| auricle | an extension of the atria; contain pectinate muscle & have the ability to help pump the heart |
| left & right ventricles | inferior chambers of the heart; pumps & ejects the blood into the arteries and keeps it flowing around the body |
| coronary sulcus | - separates the atria from the ventricles below - coronary sinus where the coronary vein drains into |
| anterior interventricular sulcus | - separates the left & right ventricles - coronary arteries |
| posterior interventricular sulcus | - ? back of the heart *need to look up |
| what 3 vessels bring blood to the right atria? | superior vena cava, inferior vena cava & coronary sinus |
| fossa ovalis | embryo remnant; used to be foramen ovale (embryo term); bypassed the lungs for oxygen & blood exchange; right atrium -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta |
| trabeculae carnea | extensions of ventricles; papillary muscles that attach to the AV valves |
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