14. Renal Pharm
About this set
Created by:
francyface on May 30, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Drugs/Exposures that cause transitional cell carcinoma | phenacetin (aspirin derivative) smoking aniline dyes cyclophosphamide |
| Mannitol--Mechanism | PCT osmotic diuretic, inc tubular fluid osmolarity = inc urine flow gets filtered but can't be absorbed, leads to dec Na+ and H20 reabsorbtion |
| Mannitol--Use | shock drug overdose inc intracranial/intraocular pressure |
| Mannitol--Toxicity | pulmonary edema dehydration contraindicated in anuria, CHF |
| Acetazolamide--Mechanism | PCT carbonic anydrase inhibitor = self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and dec in HCO3- stores |
| Acetazolamide--Use | glaucoma urinary alkalinization metabolic alkalosis altitude sickness |
| Acetazolamide--Toxicity | hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis neuropathy NH3 toxicity sulfa allergy |
| Furosemide--Mechanism | sulfonamide loop diuretic inhibits Na+, K+, Cl- cotransport of thick ascending limb stops hypertonicity of medulla preventing concentration of urine inc Ca2+ excretion |
| Furosemide--Use | edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema) HTN hyperCa2+ |
| Furosemide--Toxicity | "OH DANG" ototoxicity hypoK+ deH20 Allergy (sulfa) Nephritis (interstitial) Gout |
| Ethacrynic acid--Mechanism and Use | same action as furosemide (NOT sulfa) phenoxyacetic acid derivative diuresis in patients with sulfa allergy |
| Ethacrynic acid--Toxicity | same as furosemide BUT can be used in hyperuricemia/acute gout |
| Hydrochlorothiazide--Mechanism | thiazide diuretic inhibits NaCL reabsorption in DCT dec Ca2+ excretion |
| Hydrochlorothiazide--Use | HTN CHF idiopathic hypercalciuria nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
| Hydrochlorothiazide--Toxicity | hypoK+metabolic alkalosis hypoNa+ hyperglycemia hyperlipidemia hyperuricemia hyperCa2+ sulfa allergy |
| K+ sparing diuretics--List | spironolactone triamterene amiloride eplerenone |
| K+ sparing diuretics--Mechanism | spironolactone = competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in collecting tubule triamterene and amiloride = block Na+ channels on CCT |
| K+ sparing diuretics--Use | hyperaldosteronism K+ depletion CHF |
| K+ sparing diuretics--Toxicity | hyperK+ endocrine effects with aldosterone antagonists (ex: spironolactone causes gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects) |
| Diuretic Effects on Urine NaCL | Increased serum NaCL may dec |
| Diuretic Effects on Urine K+ | Increased in all except K+ sparing serum K+ may dec |
| Diuretics that cause dec pH (acidemia) | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors K+ sparing (aldosterone block prevents K+ and H+ secretion) also..hyperK+ causes K+ to enter and H+ to leave (K+/H+ transporter) |
| Diuretics that cause inc pH (alkalosis) | Loop diuretics and thiazides 1) Volume contraction: inc ATII = inc Na+/H+ exchange in proximal tubule = inc HCO3- 2) K+ loss leads to K+ exiting cells and H+ entering cells 3) In low K+ state, H+ is exchanged for Na+ leading to "paradoxical aciduria) |
| Effect of loop diuretics on urine Ca2+ | Increased abolish lumen-positive potential in thick ascending limb = dec paracellular Ca2+ reabsorption = hypoCa2+ = inc urinary Ca2+ |
| Effects of thiazides on urine Ca2+ | Decreased volume depletion = upregulation of Na+ reabsorption = enhanced paracellular Ca2+ reabsorption in PCT and loop of Henle also block luminal Na+/Cl- cotransport in DCT = inc Na+ gradient = increased Na+/Ca2+ exchange |
| ACE Inhibitors--List | captopril enalapril lisinopril |
| ACE Inhibitors--Mechanism | inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme and prevent inactivation of bradykinin (vasodilator) renin release is increased d/t loss of feedback inhibition |
| ACE Inhibitors--Use | HTN CHF diabetic renal disease |
| ACE Inhibitors--Toxicity | "CAPTOPRIL" cough angioedema proteinuria taste changes hypOtn pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage) rash increased renin lower angiotensin II AND hyperK+ avoid with bilateral renal artery stenosis because ACE inhibitors dec GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.