Words and Parts Thereof 31-48
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Created by:
nataliechuang on May 30, 2012
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleotide | basic unit of DNA; phosphate group + pentose + sugar (deoxyribose) + nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C) |
| codon | 64 possible in H. Sapiens. A triplet of bases in Messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein production |
| anti-codon | a triplet of bases in Transfer RNA (tRNA) that recognizes a codon triplet and creates a specific amino acid during protein production |
| transcription | DNA's instructions are copied and carried from nucleus to ribosome via mRNA |
| translation | instructions are turned into proteins at the ribosome; mRNA with codon and tRNA with anti-codon |
| phenotype | outward expression of the genes; the actual characteristics (having 5 fingers) |
| genotype | actual genes as in PP and Pp = polydactyl while pp = normal |
| homozygous | (homo = same; zyg = united) genes are the same (PP and pp) |
| heterozygous | (hetero = different) genes are different (Pp) |
| alleles | possible gene type (P or p) |
| locus | the place where a gene is located in a chromosome |
| testcross | a way to figure out an unknown genotype by choosing the organism with a known genotype, namely one that is HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE (aa) |
| autosome | any non-gender determining chromosome (#1-22 in H. Sapiens) |
| holandric | trait carried on the Y chromosome |
| mosaic | when only some of the cells have a certain genome (mutation) |
| trisomy | three chromosomes instead of the homologous pair (two) |
| non-disjunction | when chromosomes fail to separate properly during nuclear division |
| translocation | when a piece of a chromosome attaches to a non-homologous chromosome |
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