byul digestive/excretory system
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 amylase | enzyme in saliva breaks down starch |
| proteases | -enzymes that break down protein -present in saliva & gastric secretions |
| salibary glands | - saliva starts digestive process & acts as a lubricant. -largest of the 3 salivary glands are the parotid glands |
| pharynx | throat. food passes through here from mouth to esophagus |
| esophagus | -muscular tube which leads to stomach -a valve (esophageal sphincter) separates it from stomach |
| stomach | has muscular wall lined w/ mucus -> contains gastric enzymes and acid (pH 1) for breaking down food |
| duodenum (part of small intestine) | separated from stomach by duodenal sphincter., ultimate destruction of food digestion reaches completion |
| jejunum (part of small intestine) | villi absorbs amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, & glycerol so that what is passed onto the large intestine is a thin, watery substance almost devoid of nutrients |
| ilium (part of small intestine) | -majority of digestion & nutrient absorption takes place -surface is covered w/ villi which increase SA for nutrient absorption |
| large intestine (colon) | -waste produced. water absorbed/ its removal produces feces -final part is rectum |
| LIVER | -important for metabolism. -involved in production & breakdown of proteins -produces & breaks down glycogen and toxins -bile is secreted |
| gallbladder | -stores bile -> breaks down fats -releases bile into the duodenum |
| pancreas | -endocrine (secreted directly to blood) & exocrine (secretions carried to specific locations) gland -produces insulin |
| excretory system | -filtration -secretion -reabsorption |
| process | 1. proteins digeted 2. amino acids carried in blood to body cells 3. cells convert amino groupps to ammonia. carried in blood to liver 4. liver converts ammonia to urea (less toxic) 5. urea carried in blood to kidneys 6. kidney nephrons filter urea into urine |
| kidneys | major excretory organs. have massive amts of blood flow all the time. removes waste from bloodstream |
| nephron | building block of kidney |
| glomeruli | site in nephron where filtration occurs -involves active transport to eliminate urea while reabsorbing glucose, Na+, water |
| ureters | tubes which transport urine from kidneys to bladder |
| bladder | site storage of urine |
| urethra | urine flows to outside from bladder by the way of urethra |
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