1.
amylase: enzyme in saliva
breaks down starch
2.
bladder: site storage of urine
3.
duodenum (part of small intestine): separated from stomach by duodenal sphincter., ultimate destruction of food digestion reaches completion
4.
esophagus: -muscular tube which leads to stomach
-a valve (esophageal sphincter) separates it from stomach
5.
excretory system: -filtration
-secretion
-reabsorption
6.
gallbladder: -stores bile -> breaks down fats
-releases bile into the duodenum
7.
glomeruli: site in nephron where filtration occurs
-involves active transport to eliminate urea while reabsorbing glucose, Na+, water
8.
ilium (part of small intestine): -majority of digestion & nutrient absorption takes place
-surface is covered w/ villi which increase SA for nutrient absorption
9.
jejunum (part of small intestine): villi absorbs amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, & glycerol so that what is passed onto the large intestine is a thin, watery substance almost devoid of nutrients
10.
kidneys: major excretory organs. have massive amts of blood flow all the time. removes waste from bloodstream
11.
large intestine (colon): -waste produced. water absorbed/ its removal produces feces
-final part is rectum
12.
LIVER: -important for metabolism.
-involved in production & breakdown of proteins
-produces & breaks down glycogen and toxins
-bile is secreted
13.
nephron: building block of kidney
14.
pancreas: -endocrine (secreted directly to blood) & exocrine (secretions carried to specific locations) gland
-produces insulin
15.
pharynx: throat. food passes through here from mouth to esophagus
16.
process: 1. proteins digeted
2. amino acids carried in blood to body cells
3. cells convert amino groupps to ammonia. carried in blood to liver
4. liver converts ammonia to urea (less toxic)
5. urea carried in blood to kidneys
6. kidney nephrons filter urea into urine
17.
proteases: -enzymes that break down protein
-present in saliva & gastric secretions
18.
salibary glands: - saliva starts digestive process & acts as a lubricant.
-largest of the 3 salivary glands are the parotid glands
19.
stomach: has muscular wall lined w/ mucus -> contains gastric enzymes and acid (pH 1) for breaking down food
20.
ureters: tubes which transport urine from kidneys to bladder
21.
urethra: urine flows to outside from bladder by the way of urethra