Bio Animal Lab Practical - Digestive, Excretory, Circulatory, Respiratory
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 prostomium - Annelida | tongue-like lobe above the mouth that projects out, sensory device |
| clitellum - Annelida | enlarged ring around the body that houses the eggs |
| Setae - Annelida | four pairs of tiny bristles in each segment, help the worm stick to the ground and prevents backsliding during peristaltic movement |
| Anus - Annelida | located near posterior end, excretory |
| Septa - Annelida | separate the segments within the body, allow free flow of fluids from one segment to another |
| Pharynx - Annelida | swallows food and opens into the esophagus, digestive system |
| Esophagus - Annelida | digestive system, opens into the crop |
| Crop - Annelida | where swallowed food that has passed through pharynx and esophagus is stored, opens into the gizzard, digestive system |
| Gizzard - Annelida | uses stones to grind food completely, opens into the intestine, digestive system |
| Nephridia - Annelida | coiled tubes lateral to the intestine in segments posterior to the gizzard, function similar to kidneys - filters wastes out, excretory system |
| Mantle - Mollusca | lines the inner surfaces of the two valves, looks like flaps covering the visceral mass, houses reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs |
| Mantle cavity - Mollusca | formed in between the mantle, houses the gills, anus nephridiopores and gonopores |
| Gill - Mollusca | respiratory system |
| Labial palps - Mollusca | sorts food particles before it enters the mouth, getting rid of unwanted particles, on top of foot, digestive system |
| Visceral Mass - Mollusca | digestive system |
| Foot -Mollusca | Digestive system, large mass on the bottom left near visceral mass |
| Cephalothorax - Arthropoda | head and thorax fused together (carapace down to beginning of tail) |
| Abdomen - Arthropoda | Externally segmented and distinct - tail |
| Stomach - Arthropoda | Cardiac stomach - large sac-like structure where food is stored. Pyloric stomach - where most digestion occurs, posterior to cardiac stomach. Digestive glands located on each side of the pyloric stomach |
| Digestive glands/Hepatopancreas - Arthropoda | located at the base of each antenna, similar to kidneys in pigs or nephridia in worms |
| Gastic Mill - Arthropoda | Inside the stomach and used to aid in digestion of food |
| Telson - Arthropoda | terminal segment of crayfish, bears the anus, excretory system |
| Cecum - Chordata | blind pouch where small intestine joins the large intestine, houses bacteria to digest plant materials |
| Gall bladder - Chordata | stores bile produced by the liver, leads to small intestine |
| Pancreas - Chordata | extends along the length of the stomach from left side to the point where the stomach joins the small intestine, light-colored. Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones |
| Spleen - Chordata | elongate, flattened, brown organ that extends from bottom of stomach to above the pancreas, immune system |
| Kidneys - Chordata | bean-shaped on each side, maintain homeostasis, regulate ions and blood pressure, excretory system |
| Dorsal Blood Vessel - Annelida | Runs along the dorsal surface of the intestine - over crop, gizzard, to the esophagus which it encircles by branching into 5 pairs of hearts, dark color |
| Skin - Annelida | equivalent to lungs, worms breathe through their skin by diffusion, must be kept moist, gas exchange |
| Hearts - Cephalopod | 2 branchial hearts at the base of each gill, 1 systemic heart between the two branchial hearts. Closed circulatory system. |
| Mantle arteries - Cephalopod | connected to the systemic heart |
| Carapace - Arthropoda | hard exoskeleton covering the gills, gas exchange |
| Ostia - Arthropoda | three pairs of valved slits where blood enters, blood leaves through arteries, circulatory system |
| Hemocoel - Arthropoda | tissue spaces and larger sinuses, circulatory system |
| Pleura - Chordata | Covers the lungs to protect, gas exchange |
| Trachea - Chordata | Large air tube that lies anterior to the lungs - cartilaginous ring that keep it from collapsing. Gas exchange |
| Bronchial Tubes - Chordata | Two tubes that the trachea branches into. Branch further inside the Bronchial tubes into bronchioles and alveoli etc. |
| Larynx - Chordata | voice box, at the top of the trachea, light-colored, gas exchange |
| Heart - Chordata | 4 chambered, right side pumps blood into lungs, left side pumps blood to rest of body |
| Atria - Chordata | upper chambers that receive blood |
| Ventricles - Chordata | lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart, analogous to systemic heart of squid |
| Branchial Heart - Cephalopod | feed gills, surround the systemic heart |
| Systemic heart - Cephalopod | pumps blood around the body, analogous to ventricles in a pig |
| Coronary blood vessels - Chordata | Covers the surface of the heart, part of coronary circulation, nourishes the heart tissue |
| Anterior vena cava - Chordata | Large vein that enters the right atrium, brings blood to the right atrium from the anterior part of the body |
| Posterior vena cava - Chordata | (Have to lift the heart to see this) carries blood from posterior part of the body and empties into the right atrium |
| Pulmonary artery - Chordata | Leaves the right ventricle, vessel that carries blood to the lungs (after birth) |
| Pulmonary veins - Chordata | Enters the left atrium, vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart |
| Aorta - Chordata | Large artery that transports blood from the left ventricle |
| Poikilotherm | Body temperature approximates the ambient temperature, not capable of controlling body temperature as ambient temperature varies |
| Homeotherm | Controls body temperature, keeping it relatively constant even as ambient temperature varies |
| Heterotherm | Regulates body temperature when active, but allows body temperature to fluctuate with the environment when active |
| Ectotherm | An animal that derives body temperature from an external heat source |
| Endotherm | An animal that derives body temperature from internal heat production |
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