Holt Science and Technology Cells, Heredity, and Classification Chapter 4

Terms	Definitions
Chromosomes	Made up of protein and DNA.
DNA	Made up of for sub-units, which are known as nucleotides. Spiral shaped.
Nucleotide	Consists of three different types of material; a sugar, a phosate, and a base.
Adenine	"A" A base. In DNA it always equals the amount of Thymine.
Thymine	"T" A base. In DNA it always equals the amount of Adenine.
Guanine	"G" A base. In DNA it always equals the amount of Cytosine.
Cytosine	"C" A base. In DNA it always equals the amount of Guanine.
Incomplete Dominance	One allele is not completely dominant over the other allele.
Gene	A set of instructions for making a protein.
Protein	Made up of long strings of amino acids.
Amino Acid	Made up of a three bases code.
Ribosome	Where the DNA copy is made.
Mutation	A change in the order of bases in an organism's DNA.
Deletion	Type of Mutation. A base is left out.
Insertion	Type of Mutation. An extra base is added.
Substitution	Type of Mutation. A correct base is replaced with a incorrect base.
Mutagen	Anything that can cause a mutation in DNA.
Pedigree	A tool used to trace a trait though generations of a family.
Selective Breeding	Organisms with certain desirable characteristics are mated to produce a new breed.
Genetic Engineering	Allows scientist to transfer genes from one organism to another.

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