Science Finalssss
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Created by:
marlisachs on May 31, 2012
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Description:
Ms.Moldofsky
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ion | An atom with an electrical charge |
| Ionic Bond | Both atoms want to become neutral |
| Covalent Bond | Both stoms want 8 valence electrons |
| Metallic Bond | Metals become positive ions in a sea of valence electrons |
| Molecule | Two or more of any atoms bonded together |
| Compound | Molecule where atoms are different |
| Evaporite | A solid left over when a liquid evaporates (physical change) |
| Precipitate | A solid that it formed when two liquids mix (chemical change) |
| Exothermic reactions | Reactions that give off heat and surrounding get hotter (increase entropy) |
| Endothermic reactions | Reactions that take in heat from environment, surroundings get colder (decrease entropy) |
| Entropy | chaos |
| Activation energy | energy needed to start a reaction |
| Synthesis reaction | something is made |
| Decomposition reaction | things break apart |
| Replacement reaction | atoms replace |
| Solution | A liquid mixture |
| Solute | Solid that dissolves |
| Solvent | Liquid it dissolves in |
| Saturated solution | a solution that has the maximum amount of solute dissolved |
| Solubility | how easily something can dissolve (effected by temperature and pressure) |
| Acid | A substance that will donate a positively charged Hydrogen ion to another substance (HCL) |
| Base | A substance that will accept positively charged Hydrogen ions from another substance |
| Strong vs. Weak Acids | Strong Acids will completely dissociate while weak acids will partially dissociate |
| Acid+Base | water+salt (ionic compound) |
| Neutralization | An acid base reaction |
| PH | A scale for telling the strength of acids and bases (0= most acidic) (14= most basic) |
| Dilute | water down |
| Electricity | the flow of electrons |
| Static electricity | unmoving unbalanced charges |
| Electric shock | Discharge of build up electrons |
| Electric field | Area of which charges exert a force |
| Current | The continuous flow of electrons (amps) |
| Voltage | The difference between two charges (volts) Current ÷ Resistance |
| Resistance | Is how difficult it is for electricity to move (Ohms) |
| Power | Current × voltage (watts) |
| Conductor | Materials that conduct electricity (metal) |
| Insulator | Materials that stop electricity (rubber) |
| Transformer | Changes the voltage in circuits |
| Batteries | Electrochemical cells convert chemicals into electricity |
| Circuits | Flow of electricity from one point back around, (needs a power source and wires) Series, one path for electricity Parallel, two or more paths for electricity |
| Magnet | Their electrons spin in the same direction, they attract objects with iron, they have a north and south pole |
| Magnetic field | area where the magnets force acts |
| Compass | Always points to magnetic north |
| Wave | Transfers energy through a medium or materials |
| Transverse waves | Waves that go up and down or side to side |
| Trough | lower part of wave |
| Crest | upper part of wave |
| Longitudinal Waves | compressional waves |
| Compression | The part of the wave that is compressed together |
| Rarefaction | The uncompressed part of the wave |
| Vibrations | Are waves |
| Amplitude | The hight of the wave (High amplitude= loud) |
| Wavelength | The space between two crests |
| Frequency | (Hertz) Is how many waves per second (F= speed÷wavelength) |
| Constructive interference | Amplitudes add to form a bigger wave |
| Destructive interference | Amplitudes cancel out but keep on moving |
| Node | The part of destructive interference in a standing wave |
| Anti-node | The part of constructive interference in a standing wave |
| Resonance | The ability of vibrations to create standing waves in other objects |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | Range of wavelengths and their functions |
| Color | Difference in wavelength (red= longest wavelength_ Blue/violet= shortest wavelength) |
| Reflection | How light reflects off other things |
| Refraction | How a wave bends and changes speed when it goes from one substance to another |
| Diffraction | How a wave changes shape and pattern when it goes through a narrow opening or hits a wall |
| Standing waves | waves that look like there still but are actually moving really fast, they make a pattern |
| Ear Drum | Picks up sound waves and vibrations which sends a message to your brain |
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