Greim Time Ch. 9 Motion and Machines
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 energy | ability to do work |
| potential energy | stored energy because of its position |
| kinetic energy | energy due to motion |
| mechanical energy | ability to make something move |
| motion | change of an object's position |
| reference point | used to determine whether an object has changed position |
| distance | amount of space traveled from where an object starts to where it is at any given moment |
| speed | rate |
| instantaneous speed | speed at one particular moment |
| velocity | distance an object moves over a given amount of time in a certain direction |
| acceleration | change in velocity during a period of time |
| force | must occur for acceleration to happen |
| friction | force that keeps objects from moving against other objects |
| momentum | mass and velocity of an object determine this |
| First law of motion | an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion and in the same direction, unless the object is acted upon by an unbalanced force |
| inertia | resistance to a change in motion |
| gravity | the pull of one object on another |
| second law of motion | force is equal to an object's mass and the acceleration of the object |
| third law of motion | "law of action and reaction" , for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| work | force acting on something as it moves a certain distance |
| newtons | force measurement |
| joule | measures work |
| machine | any object that makes work easier |
| effort force | force applied to a simple machine |
| resistance force | force that works against the effort |
| lever | any bar that turns on a point |
| fulcrum | spot where the bar turns or pivots |
| first-class lever | fulcrum is located between effort and resistance |
| second-class lever | resistance between effort and fulcrum |
| third-class lever | effort is between the resistance and fulcrum |
| pulley | grooved wheel with a chain or rope wrapped in the groove |
| fixed pulley | attached to something so it does not move |
| moveable pulley | moves with the load or resistance |
| block and tackle | combines multiple fixed and moveable pulleys |
| mechanical advantage | decrease in effort that is needed to move an object |
| wheel and axle | consists of wheel and rod, or axle, running through the wheel |
| inclined plane | flat slanted surface such as ramp |
| wedge | two inclined planes placed back to back |
| screw | inclined plane wound around a cylinder or a cone |
| threads | ridges in screw |
| compound machine | combines two or more simple machines to make work easier |
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