Ch 9 Senses
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Created by:
DrDavila Plus on May 31, 2012
Subjects:
BIO101: Human Anatomy & Physiology
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 general senses | receptors for these senses are distributed throughout body; eg, pain, touch, temperature, and proprioception (body position) |
| special senses | receptors for these senses found in specific organ; eg, taste, smell, vision, hearing, balance |
| sensation | detection of a stimulus by a receptor and the conduction of that stimulus to the CNS |
| perception | conscious awareness of a sensation within an organism's brain/mind |
| chemoreceptor | detect chemicals; eg gustatory (taste) and olfaction (smell) receptors |
| photoreceptor | detect light energy; eg vision receptors |
| mechanoreceptor | detect physical movement or pressure; eg auditory (hearing) and equilibrium (balance) receptors |
| nociceptors | detect pain; found throughout the skin and some internal organs |
| thermoreceptor | detect temperature; found throughout the skin and in hypothalamus |
| vision | sense of sight; detects light energy (photons) |
| conjunctiva | mucous membrane lining eyelids and covering anterior sclera |
| lacrimal gland | glands superior and lateral to eyes that secrete tears to lubricate & cleanse the eye |
| sclera | fibrous outermost layer of the eye; envelops entire eye except cornea portion; "whites" of eye |
| cornea | hard, fibrous transparent structure covereing the iris and pupil |
| choroid coat | highly-vascularized darkly pigmented middle layer of eyeball; absorbs excess light to prevent it from interfering with vision |
| iris | colored portion of eye; allows light through the pupil (hole in iris) to reach the retina |
| pupil | "black" hole in iris, where light that passes through is focused by the lens onto the retina |
| lens | elastic, transparent disc-shaped structure that focuses light onto the retina |
| ciliary body | muscles of the lens |
| aqueous humor | watery liquid anterior to lens, posterior to cornea; too much is causes glaucoma |
| vitreous humor | transparent jelly filling posterior chamber of eyeball; holds retina in place |
| glaucoma | condition in which aqueous humor drains improperly, accumulates in anterior chamber, elevating intraocular pressure; leads to loss of vision / blindness |
| retina | innermost neural layer of the eye, where photoreceptors are |
| cone | color-detecting photoreceptor; humans have cones tuned to either red, green, or blue |
| rod | light-detecting photorceptor; work only in low-light conditions; does not distinguish colors |
| macula lutea | center of the retina, where photoreceptors are conctrated; appears as a yellow spot on retina |
| fovea centralis | pit in center of macula, where cones are highly concetrated; dead center in one's field of vision |
| pathway of light | source/subject → cornea → pupil (past iris) → lens → retina |
| auricle | fleshy, visible part of the ear; directs sound waves into auditory canal; aka pinna |
| auditory canal | ear canal connecting auricle to tympanic membrane; aka external auditory meatus |
| tympanic membrane | membrane in ear that sound vibrates onto ossicles; aka ear drum |
| middle ear | air-filled cavity containing ossicles; behind tympanic membrane until cochlea; connected to pharynx via eustachian tubes |
| auditory ossicles | 3 smallest bones in body, transmit sound waves from outer ear (ear durm) to inner ear (cochlea): malleus (hammer) incus (anvil) stapes (stirrup) |
| eustachian tube | "auditory tube" connecting middle ear to pharynx (throat); equilizes pressure inside middle ear with outside |
| cochlea | hearing organ of the inner ear; contains mechanoreceptors in organ of Corti that detect sound waves |
| semicircular canals | inner-ear organs that detect head rotation |
| vestibule | inner-ear organ detects balance, head tilt and forward-backward motion |
| pathway of sound | ear canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → cochlea → cochlear nerve (auditory nerve) |
| olfaction | sense of smell; detects chemicals dissolved in air |
| sensory adaptation | reduction of perception of a constant harmless stimulus; eg, "get used to a smell" |
| gustation | sense of taste; detects chemicals dissolved in foods & liquids on tongue |
| taste bud | contain chemoreceptors that detect dissolves chemicals; found in tongue papillae |
| 5 tastes | sweet salty sour bitter umami (meaty or savory) |
| touch | mechanoreceptors detect physical forces that deform or move tissue (eg skin); similar to sense of pressure |
| proprioception | sense of body position, orientation, and location; receptors in tendons, ligaments, and muscles |
| temperature | detection of temperature outside & inside the body; deteceted by thermoreceptors |
| pain | detected by nociceptors located throughout body (eg skin); stimulated by tissue damage |
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