Endocrine Quick Hits
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is Tolbutamide? | First generation sulfonylurea: closes the K+ channel in b-cell membrane and depolarizes the cell --> influx of calcium -->release of insulin: Disulfuram like reaction |
| What is Chlorpropamide? | First generation sulfonylurea: closes the K+ channel in b-cell membrane and depolarizes the cell --> influx of calcium -->release of insulin: Disulfuram like reaction |
| What is Glyburide? | Second generation sulfonylurea: closes the K+ channel in b-cell membrane and depolarizes the cell --> influx of calcium -->release of insulin: Hypoglycemia |
| What is Glimepiride? | Second generation sulfonylurea: closes the K+ channel in b-cell membrane and depolarizes the cell --> influx of calcium -->release of insulin: Hypoglycemia |
| What is Glipizide? | Second generation sulfonylurea: closes the K+ channel in b-cell membrane and depolarizes the cell --> influx of calcium -->release of insulin: Hypoglycemia |
| What is Metformin? | Unknown MOA but decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increases peripheral glc uptake (increases insulin sensitivity): Oral administration is first line for DM2: tox, lactic acidosis, contraindicated in renal failure, megaloblastic anemia |
| What is Pioglitazone? | Glitazone: increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by binding the PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator, decreases blood glucose, decreases TG, increases HDL, decreases C reactive protein: Can cause weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure |
| What is Rosiglitazone | Glitazone: increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by binding the PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator, decreases blood glucose, decreases TG, increases HDL, decreases C reactive protein: Can cause weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure |
| What is Acarbose? | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases), delayed sugar hydrolysis and absorption--> decreases postprandial hyperglycemia; Can cause GI disturbance |
| What is Miglitol? | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases), delayed sugar hydrolysis and absorption--> decreases postprandial hyperglycemia; Can cause GI disturbance |
| What is Pramlintide? | An insulin mimetic that decreases glucagon, used in DM2, and causes hypoglycemia, nausea, and vomiting |
| What is Exenatide? | GLP-analog, increases insulin, decreases glucagon release, used in DM2 and causes nausea, vomiting, and pancreatitis |
| How do you treat hirsutism? | Spironolactone, ketoconazole |
| What are the side effects of amiodarone? | Hepatotoxicity, blue gray deposits, hypothyroid/hyperthyroid, pulmonary fibrosis:: constiplation, bradycardia, heart block, CHF |
| What is the MOA of anastrozole? | Aromatase inhibitor |
| What is the MOA of exemestane? | Aromatase inhibitor |
| How do you treat SIADH? | demeclocycline or H2O restriction |
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