| Term | Definition |
|---|
| federalism | a way of organzing a nation so that two or more levels of gov't have formal authority over the land and people |
| unitary government | a way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central gov't |
| confederation | weak nation gov't, power in states |
| intergovernmental relations | workings of the federal system-national, state and local |
| constitutional basis | division of power |
| establishing national supremacy | federal gov't gained power relative to states |
| implied powers | powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution |
| mcculloh v maryland | established supremacy of national gov't over state gov't |
| enumerated powers | powers of the federal gov't that are specifically addressed in the constitution |
| elastic clause | final paragraph of article I, section 8, authroizes congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out enumerated powers |
| commerce power | constitution gives congress the power to regulate interstate and international commerce |
| gibbons v ogden | gave congress every form of commercial activity |
| civil war | struggle over slavery, but more between state and national gov't |
| brown v board of education | overturns plessy v ferguson(separate but equal)-desegregate public schools in 1954 |
| full faith and credit | requires each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states |
| extradition | a legal process whereby an alleged criminal is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials in the states the crime allegedly occurred |
| privelage and immunities | citizens of each state gain privileges in other states |
| dual federalism | both the states and national gov't remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies |
| cooperative federalism | powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national gov't |
| fiscal federalism | pattern of spending, taxing and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national gov'ts relations with state and local gov't |
| categorical grants | can be used for specific purposes, with strings attached |
| project grants | based on merit |
| formula grants | amount varies based on formula |
| block grants | given more or less automatically to support broad programs |
| mandates | direct states or local gov't to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant |
| advantages for democracy | increase access to gov't-local problems solved locally-hard for political parties or interest groups to dominate all politics |
Combine with other sets
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