Chapter 3 Biochemistry
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Created by:
hunterholly on October 7, 2009
Subjects:
MCHS Honors Biology 1 (Pre-AP)
Classes:
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 organic compounds | compounds made primarily of carbon atoms |
| inorganic compounds | don't generally contain carbon atoms |
| functional groups | clusters of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose and the chemical reactions they undergo |
| monomers | small, simple molecules |
| polymers | molecule that consists of repeated, linked units |
| macromolecules | large polymers |
| condensatoin reaction | monomers linking to form polymers (a water molecule is released) |
| hydrolysis | water is used to break down a polymer |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | a certain compound that stores a large amount of energy in its overall structure |
| polypeptide | long chain of amino acids |
| triglycerides | 3 fatty acids; 1 glycerol |
| phospholipids | make up cell membranes-- consist of 2 fatty acids; 1 glycerol |
| wax | one long fatty acid chain joined to one long alcohol |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | contains all the genetic information |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | building proteins and acting as enzymes |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar |
| enzyme | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts |
| nucleotide | thousands of linked monomers; phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, + ring-shaped nitrogenous base |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen & oxygen in a ration of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom |
| disaccharide | double sugar |
| polysaccharide | complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| protein | organic compound composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen |
| amino acids | an organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up protein |
| peptide bond | condensation reaction in which two amino acids from a covalent bond and release a water molecul |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed |
| active sites | folds in an enzyme with a shape that allows the substrate to fit into it |
| fatty acids | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
| mucleic acid | very large and complex orgainc molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell |
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