SAT Biology Microorganisms
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Created by:
carouselderby on June 1, 2012
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fungi | mostly multicellular; eukaryotic; absorptive feeders; decomposers; some have cell walls made of chitin, some are multinucleate |
| asexual spores | fungi reproduction; like seeds that can drop off the fungus and grow a new organism |
| sexual spores | fungi reproduction; like sperm and ova that combine to form a new organism |
| vegetative growth | fungi reproduction; a portion of the fungus breaks off and forms a new fungus |
| budding | fungi reproduction; a new fungus grows off the side of the old fungus (ie. yeast) |
| bacteria | unicellular; prokaryotic; circular DNA; cell wall made of peptidoglycan |
| peptidoglycan | what bacteria cell walls are made of; consists of proteins and sugars |
| binary fission | how bacteria reproduce by replicating its single chromosome and splitting in half over and over; no chance of mixing up DNA |
| transformation | genetic recombination; bacteria picks up new DNA from extracellular environment; occurs if new bacteria results from bacteria + naked DNA |
| conjugation | genetic recombination; bacteria replicates its DNA and donates some of it to another bacterium through a pilus; occurs if new bacteria results from bacteria + different bacteria |
| pilus | bridge where one bacteria donates some of its replicated DNA to another |
| transduction | genetic recombination; a virus carries DNA from one bacterium to another during infection; occurs if new bacteria results from bacteria + virus |
| resistant | won't be killed |
| sensitive | will be killed |
| obligate aerobes | need oxygen |
| obligate anaerobes | poisoned by oxygen |
| facultative anaerobes | use oxygen if available, fermentation if not |
| auxotroph | an organism that requires supplementary nutrition |
| wild type | not auxotrophs; don't need anything except a carbon source |
| capsid | coat made of protein in a virus |
| genome | nucleic acid inside capsid in virus |
| RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | protein needed for viruses with RNA genomes |
| RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase | AKA reverse transcriptase; needed for retroviruses |
| lytic cycle | virus life cycle: immediate transcription, translation, and replication, ending in lysing (except in animal viruses; envelope) |
| lysogenic cycle | virus life cycle: integrated in host genome, replicated during cell division |
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