| Term | Definition |
| AIM | the general purpose of an investigation |
| HYPOTHESIS | a precise, testable statement or prediction about the expected outcome of an investigation |
| NULL HYPOTHESIS | states results are due to chance and are not significant in terms of supporting the idea being investigated |
| DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS | one which predicts the direction of the difference or in terms of correlational analysis predicts either a positive or negative correlation. A directional hypothesis is also called a one tailed hypothesis |
| NON-DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS | predicts a difference between two variables but not the direction or in terms of correlational analysis it does not predict either a positive or negative correlation. A non directional hypothesis is also called a two tailed hypothesis |