Pharmacokinetics
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Created by:
WSUPharmacy2015 Plus on June 2, 2012
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Side Chain Oxidation | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Addition of a hydroxyl to a non-terminal carbon Ex. Pentobarbital (Sedative) |
| Aromatic Hydroxylation | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Addition of a hydroxyl to a aromatic ring Ex. Tylenol (Anti-pyretic) |
| N-oxidation | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Addition of a ketone to an amine Ex. Trimethylamine (Tricyclic anti-depressant) |
| Sulfoxidation | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Addition of a ketone to a sulfur Ex.Chlorpromazine (Anti-psychotic) |
| N-dealkylation | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Replacement of a group with a hydrogen atom **NEXT to a hetero N atom** Ex. Aminopyrine (Anti-pyretic) |
| O-dealkylation | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Replacement of a group with a hydrogen atom **NEXT to a hetero O atom** Ex. Acetophenetidin (Anti-pyretic) |
| S-dealkylation | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Replacement of a group with a hydrogen atom **NEXT to a hetero S atom** Ex. 6-methyl thiopurine (Anti-cancer) |
| Deamination | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Replacement of an amine group with a ketone **NEXT to a hetero amine group** Ex. Amphetamine (Stimulant) |
| N-hydroxylation | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Changing a H atom to a hydroxyl group on a N atom |
| Desulfuration | Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Replacing a double bonded S atom with a ketone Ex. Parathion (Organophosphate insecticide) |
| Alcohol Oxidation | Non-Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Changing of a hydroxyl group to a aldehyde Ex. p-nitrobenzyl alcohol (Food Preservative) |
| Aromatization | Non-Microsomal Oxidation: CYP450 Aromatizing a ring Ex. Androgenic>>>Estrogenic (A-ring cholesterol conversion) |
| Nitroreductase | Reduction: CYP450 Replacement of a nitro with an amine Ex. Chloramphenicol |
| Azoreductase | Reduction: CYP450 Splitting of an azo group Ex. Protonsil |
| Alcohol Dehydrogenase | Reduction: CYP450 Replacement of a hydroxyl with a H atom Ex. Chloral hydrate (Sedative Hypnotic) |
| Hydrolysis | Hydrolysis: Splitting off a chain from an O atom Ex. Procaine (Local anesthetic) |
| Glucuronide Synthesis (Glucuronidation) | Microsomal: ONE OF THE MOST COMMON Addition of a glucose molecule Ex. Oxygen: Lorazepam Nitrogen: Meprobromate Carbon: Phenylbutazone |
| Acetylation | Conjugation Acetyl CoA splits with an addition of an amine Ex. Isoniazid, Hydralazine |
| Conjugation with Glycine | Addition of a glycine molecule 1st drug metabolism reaction Ex. Benzoic acid to Hippuric acid |
| Conjugation with Sulfate | Addition of a sulfate group Ex. Acetaminophen |
| Conjugation with glutathione | Addition of glutathione to a drug **MOST important for prevention of drug toxicity** |
| O- S- and N-methylation | Addition of a methyl group to a heteroatom |
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