Biology Final Ch. 30, 31, 32
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Created by:
ilovelife010 on June 2, 2012
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Biology 2012 Cranbrook Kingswood Mr. Gump Study Guide Chapters 30-32
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Apical Meristem | at the tips of the stems, how plants grow in height |
| Collenchymas | a tissue that is composed of cells that are more specialized than those of parenchyma tissue (provide support for the plant and are grouped in strands) |
| Companion Cell | know what it does in the pressure-flow hypothesis |
| Cork | dead cells on the outside of trees (replace epidermis in woody plants) |
| Cork Cambium | lateral meristems responsible for secondary growth in roots and stems |
| Cuticle | a waterproof, waxy coating on the leaf |
| Dermal Tissue System | outside covering of plants |
| Dicots | two cotyledons, petals are in multiples of four/five, taproot, net venation |
| Epidermis | outermost layers of cells on a plant |
| Ground Tissue System | all three types of plant cells: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma |
| Intercalary Meristem | increases the length between nodes (i.e. grass) |
| Lateral Meristem | increases diameter of plant |
| Meristem | regions in plants where cells continuously divide (growing) |
| Monocots | have one cotyledon, petals are in multiples of 3, have fibrous root systems/parallel veins |
| Parenchyma | Photosynthesis, healing, storing nutrients |
| Primary Growth | vertical growth in plants (apical meristem) |
| Sclerenchyma | hard or woody cells that help support plant |
| Secondary Growth | horizontal growth in plants (lateral meristem) |
| Vascular Cambium | tissues that support substances |
| Vascular Tissue System | tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body |
| Adventitious Root | roots originate from stems branches and leaves |
| Cortex | between epidermis and vascular tissues (stems and roots) |
| Endodermis | the intermost layer of the cortex |
| Fibrous Root System | momocot (i.e. grass) |
| Macronutrients | large nutrient |
| Micronutrient | small nutrient |
| Pericycle | outermost part of the stele of plants (diagram) |
| Root Cap | protects roots underground |
| Root Hair | increase surface area for absorption |
| Taproot | dicots, single large root (ex. carrot) |
| Annual Ring | combo of spring (more water) and summer (less water) wood |
| Bark | protective waterproof coating of the tree |
| Bud | new growth |
| Bud Scale | added protection for the apical meristem |
| Cohesion-Tension Theory | what allows water to climb up a stem |
| Heartwood | dark center circle in the middle of a tree |
| Internode | distance from one node to another |
| Node | hold buds (which grow) |
| Pith | stores and transports nutrients |
| Pressure-Flow Hypothesis | active transport process of moving things through plants (page 612) |
| Sapwood | part of living wood where sap flows |
| Sink | site where sugars are actively transported into the phloem |
| Source | site where sugars are actively transported out of the phloem |
| Springwood | lighter color wood that shows more growth in the tree because it generally gets more water that time of the year |
| Summerwood | darker wood showing summer growth of the plant because it generally gets less water that time of the year hotter) |
| Translocation | movement of carbs throughout the plant |
| Transpiration | the process in which water leaves the leafs |
| Wood | main substance of trunks or branches |
| Blade | a type of plant leaf |
| Compound Leaf | a leaf with more than one leaflet |
| Guard Cell | protect meristem |
| Leaflet | branches off the plant |
| Mesophyll | photosynthetic layer part of the leaf |
| Net Venation | crazy veins in dicots |
| Palisade Mesophyll | site of most photosynthesis |
| Parallel | orderly veins in monocots |
| Venation | the order of veins in a plant |
| Petiole | stalk that attaches to the leaf blade |
| Simple Leaf | consists of only one leaf |
| Spongy Mesophyll | leaf tissue consisting of loosely arranged chloroplast-bearing cells |
| Tendril | leaf stem or petiole with a threadlike shape |
| Vein | to carry water or nutrients throughout a plant |
| Anther | site of pollen grain production (male) |
| Carpel | the female reproductive structures |
| Double Fertilization | pollen grain lands on stigma. Grain contains two nuclei: tube and generative. The grain germinates the stigma and the tube nuclei forms a pollen tube that moves down the style around the ovary to the ovule. Generative forms two haploid sperm cells. One sperm cell fuses with egg, making zygote, other fuses with two polar nuclei, making endosperm (nutrients for zygote/embryo, as it grows) |
| Embryo Sac | supplies nutrients to zygote |
| Filament | a stalk-like structure that supports an anther |
| Ovary | the enlarged base of a pistil |
| Petal | protection for plant, and attraction (angiosperms) |
| Pistil | one or more carpel fused together |
| Style | usually stalk-like structure that arises from the ovary |
| Cone | reproductive structure (hard scales), gymnosperm |
| Cotyledon | seed leaf in a plants embryo |
| Deciduous | trees that lose their leaves at the end of growing season |
| Ovary | female part of the flower where the egg is |
| Rhizome | underground stem found in most ferns |
| Seedling | young plant developed from embryo |
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