| Term | Definition |
|---|
| acid | the compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| activation energy | amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| active site | site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| adhesion | attraction between different substances |
| amino acid | organic molecule that is the building block of proteins |
| atom | smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means |
| ATP | organic molecule composed of a base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups that acts as the main energy currency of cells |
| base | compound that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| carbohydrate | organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; used by living things as an energy source |
| cohesion | attraction between substances of the same kind |
| compound | substance that is made of more than one kind of atom |
| DNA | double-stranded, helical nucleic acid that stores hereditary information |
| element | substance composed a single type of atom |
| energy | capacity for doing work; the ability to move or change matter |
| enzyme | substance that speeds up an experiment |
| ion | electrically charged atom or molecule |
| lipid | one of a family of nonpolar organic molecules that are not soluble in water; includes fats, phospholipids, and steroids |
| molecule | group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar that is the base unit of sugar |
| nucleic acid | organic molecule made of nucleotides; stores hereditary information for cell function; DNA or RNA |
| nucleotide | subunit of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
| protein | organic compound made of amino acids |
| RNA | a type of nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis |
| solution | homogenous mixture of two or more substances |
| substrate | the substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction |
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