A & P - 2
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acromegaly | a condition caused by the excessive secreation of the growth hormone after childhood & characterized by enlarged face, hands, & feet. |
| exophthalmia | bulging of the eyeballs due to hyperthyroidism |
| vasopressin | the hormone that maintains the body's water balance by promoting increased water reabsorption by the kidneys is the antidiuretic hormone known as |
| cretinism | a condition due to hypothyroidism in young children in which the child is mentally retarded & does not grow to normal stature |
| Cushing syndrome | the condition caused by to much secretion from the adrenal cortex, resulting in puffy skin, obesity, a moon-shaped face, & masculinizing changes in women, is known as |
| calcitonin | The hormone that lowers the calcium & phosphate ion concentration of the blood by inhibiting the release of calcium phosphate ions from the bones & by increasing the excretion of these ions by the kidneys is: |
| diabetes mellitus(type ll diabetes) | a common condition of the endocrine system in which the pancreas fails to produce enough inslin, resulting in a chronic elevations of the glucose in the blood, is known as |
| Addison's disease | a condition of the adrenal cortex characterized by bronzing of the skin, decreased blood sodium, low blood glucose, low blood pressure, fatigue, listlessness, & dehydration is called |
| bete cells | the group of cells in the islet of Langerhans of the pancreas that are responsible for secreting insulin are |
| glucagon | the hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas that is responsible for stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose when blood sugar levels are extremely low is |
| dwarfism | too little growth hormone secreted before puberty, as a result of abnormal development of the pituitary gland, results in a condition known as: |
| diabetes insipidus(type l diabetes) | a condition of the pituitary gland due to a deficiency of ADH in which an individual produces 20 to 30 liters of urine daily & can become severly dehydrated is known as: |
| hypophysis | the pituitary gland, considered the "master gland" of th eendocrine system, is also called the |
| follocle-stimulating hormone | the hormone that stimulates development of the follicles in the ovaries is |
| hypothyroidism | a lack of or low level of thyroid hormones is called |
| graves' disease | a disease caused by overproduction of the thyroid hormone, often associated with an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter & bulging eyeballs, is known as |
| glycosuria | the medical term for an excessive amount of glucose (sugar) in the urine is |
| androgens | the male sex hormones that stimulate development of male sexual chaacteristics are known as |
| polydipsia | the medical term for excessive thirst is |
| polyphagia | the medical term for excessive eating is |
| hyperglycemia | the medical term for excessive amountsof glucose (sugar) in the blood is |
| thymosin | the thymus secretes the hormone |
| negative feedback system | when the concentration of a particle hormone reaches a certain level in the body, the endocrine gland that is secreted that hormone is inhibited & the secretion of that hormone ceases or decreases significantly. This is known as----------------------------. |
| ADH | diabetes insipidus is caused from a deficiency in the hormone_____________________ |
| insulin | diabetes mellitus is caused from a deficiency in the hormone________________ |
| growth hormone | the anterior pituitary gland produces |
| thyroxine | the thyroid gland produces |
| adrenal glands | the suprarenal glands are also called |
| aldosterone | the mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that is responsible for the regulation of sodium reabsorption & potassium excretion by the kidneys is_______________________ |
| glucagon | alapha cells of the pancreas secrete which of the following hormones? |
| melatonin | bright light inhibits the secretion of which hormone? |
| thymus | This gland is critical in the development of the immune system |
| Endocrine glands | secrete their hormones directly into the blood stream where they are carried to target organs |
| Acidosis | is a state of increased acidity of the blood due to the breakdown of fats when blood sugar level is very low |
| homeostasis | is a state of balance within the internal environment of the body within certain narrow limits, via the chemical control of the endcrine system |
| cortisone | a steroid closly related to cortisol, is given as a medication to reduce inflammation & as a treatment for arthritis. |
| gigantism | occurs as a result of excessive secretion of the growth hormone before the bones stop growing. |
| seratonin | secreted by the pineal gland, is a hormone that stimulates smooth muscle contraction & inhibits gastric secretions |
| Suprarenal | the adrenal glands are also known as this as well |
| medulla | the adrenal glands are made up of the adrenal cortex & the adrenal ______________________________ |
| Polyuria | this medical term means an increase in urine production. |
| testosterone | the principal male sex hormone |
| progesterone | the female hormone that causes the development of the female reproductive structures & secondary female characteristics are estrogen & _________________________________ |
| oxytocine | The hormone responsible for causing contraction of the uterine smooth muscles during child birth. |
| iodine | the component of salt in the united states that is necessary for the thyroid gland to function properly is______________________________ |
| testes | the principle male sex hormone, is testosterone is produced in the _____________________________ |
| ovaries | the female hormones are produced by the __________________________________ |
| thymosin | the thymus gland produces the hormone__________________________ & is crucial to the development of the immune system. |
| ovaries | the hormones estrogen & progesterone are secreted by the _______________________ |
| cortex, medulla | the outer part of the adrenal gland is acalled the ___________________________ while the inner part of the adrenal gland is called the___________________________ |
| thyroid gland | produces thyroxine |
| anterior pituitary gland | produces growth hormone(GH) |
| adrenal cortex | produces cortisol |
| testes | produce testosterone |
| ovaries | produces estrogen & progesterone |
| pancreas | produces insulin |
| posterior pituitary | produces vasopressin (ADH) |
| parathyroid glands | produces parathormone |
| adrenal medulla | produces adrenalin/epinephrine |
| pineal gland | produces melatonin |
| three classification of hormones | modified amino acids, proteins, & steroid hormones |
| Parathormone | causes bone cells to release calicum & phosphates into the blood stream. |
| Vitamin D | helps increase absorption of calcium by the intestines. |
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