| Term | Definition |
| Geocentric | A model of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around Earth |
| Heliocentric | A model of the solar system in which Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun. |
| Ellipse | an elongated oval |
| Inertia | the tendency of an object to resist being moved or, if the object is moving, to resist a change in speed or direction until an outside force acts on the object |
| Nuclear Fusion | The process of hydrogen atoms combining together to form helium |
| Core | The center of the sun |
| Photosphere | The sun's inner layer (What we see) |
| Chromosphere | The middle layer of the sun |
| Corona | The outer layer of the sun |
| Solar Wind | A stream of electrically charged particles sent out by the sun's corona |
| Sunspots | areas of gas on the sun's surface that are cooler than the gases around them |
| Prominences | loops of red fiery gas that connect sun spots |
| Solar Flares | eruptions of gas from the sun's surface that occurs when the loops in sunspot regions suddenly connects |
| Comet | Chunk of ice and dust whose orbits are ellipses |
| Asteroid Belt | the region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many asteroids are found |
| Meteoroid | a chunk of rock or dust in space |
| Meteor | a meteoroid that enters the Earth's atmosphere |
| Meteorite | A meteoroid that has hit earth's surface. |