| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Chartist | a group of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people through the People's Charter |
| pogrom | A Russian concentration camp during the 19th century for Jews |
| manifest destiny | This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory. |
| collective bargaining | right of unions to negotiate with management for workers as a group |
| Karl Marx | German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary. With the help and support of Friedrich Engels he wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894). These works explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form the basis of all communist theory, and have had a profound influence on the social sciences. |
| Palestine | Area in the Middle East that is the center of religion and was a location that the Jewish people campaigned for during the 19th and 20th century to be a homeland. It is now called "Israel" |
| Abraham Lincoln | President of the United States during the Civil War |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy during the Civil War |
| industry | primary source of Northern income |
| agriculture | primary source of Southern income |
| Fort Sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the Confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War |
| Thirteenth | Constitutional amendment that banned slavery in the United States |
| Fourteenth | Constitutional amendment that made all African-Americans citizens of the United States |
| Fifthteenth | Constitutional amendment that gave African-American (men only at that time) the right to vote |
| Reconstruction | Process during which the South was rebuilt from the ruins that were the result of the Civil War. This led to segregation, sharecropping and the Jim Crow Laws. |
| Segregation | A social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups |
| Victorian Age | Reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britain (1837-1901). The term is also used to describe late-nineteenth-century society, with its rigid moral standards and sharply differentiated roles for men and women and for middle-class and working-class people (711) |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Convention held in New York in 1848 to argue for women's rights |
| Potato Famine | This lack of spuds led to the mass immigration to the U.S. by Irish men and women. |
| Home rule | Self-government in local matters by a city, county or country that is part of a national government or a republic |
| Internal combustion engine | Important invention that led to the car boom |
| Movies | Invention that led to the horrors of High School Musical and Sandra Bullock |
| Ford | Car company that invented the assembly line |
| Sunday Edition | Paper in which a third is comics, a third is classifieds and a third is coupons. Spawned in the late 19th century, this creation was a result of shorter work hours and weekends off |
| Dreyfus Affair | When a Jewish French Capwas falsely accused of treason. After Zola discovered his innocence, the man was retrialed and set free |
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