Biology
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Created by:
qv12depacea on October 8, 2009
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Description:
This covers chapter 1 and chapter 18 in the holt biology book for academic students.
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biology | the study of living things |
| Study of cancer | what is oncology |
| Study of insects | what is entomology |
| Study of birds | what is ornithology |
| Study of genes | what is genetics |
| study of fish | what is Ichthyology |
| study of reptiles | what is herpetology |
| 1. Requirement for food and energy 2. Growth 3. Reproduction 4. Response to stimuli 5. Homeostasis 6. Organized (cells) | Characteristics of life |
| 1.8 million different organisms on earth | What is the number of organisms currently on earth? |
| Taxonomy | the science of naming, classifying, and organizing all living things into groups based on similarity. |
| Taxonomical Hierarchy | a system for organizing and classifying organisms |
| Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species | What is the taxonomical hierarchy's categories? |
| Eukarya-Prokarya-Archea | 3 domains |
| Prokarya | a group that consists of all modern day bacteria (salmonella, e-coli) |
| Archea | a group of bacteria unique from the modern bacteria |
| Eukarya | most diverse domain containing all organisms that are not bacteria |
| Animalia- Plantae-Fungi-Protista | Name the 4 kingdoms |
| Animalia | made of eukaryotic cells, multicellular, consumer |
| Plantae | made of eukaryotic cells, multicellular, producer |
| Photosynthesis | the process of converting solar energy into chemical energy requies pigment chlorophylll |
| Fungi | made of eukaryotic cells, multicellular, consumer |
| Protista | made of eukaryotic cells, unicellular, consumers and producers |
| 1. Algae- plant, 2. Protozoans- animal | Protista has two subgroups |
| Echinodermata-starfish/sand dollars Arthropoda-insects, spiders, and crabs Mollusca- snails, octopus, and squid Chordata-humans, frogs, birds | Name 4 animal phylums |
| Chondrichthyes-sharks, aves-birds, reptiles- snakes and lizards amphibians-frogs and salamanders mammels- humans, elephants, and seals | Phylum Chordata 8 classes give 5 |
| Cetacia- Whales and dolphins Carnivora-Dogs, Cats and birds Rodentia-Rats, mice, and squirrels Chiroptera - Bats Primates - Monkey's, Apes and Humans | each class is divided into a distinct group of orders (class of mammalia-11 give 5)) |
| Atelidae-Howler Monkeys, Hominiade-Apes and Humans | each order is divided into families(primate into 13 distinct families -2) |
| Humans belong in the genus homo | Family is then divided up into Genera (debate on number of hominidae family who belongs herE?) |
| 1.8 million species each organism is its own species | Number of species |
| Genus Homo | modern humans are the only species within this group |
| homoerectus | What did we evolve from over 200,000 years ago |
| Ecology | the study of the interactions between organisms and their environments |
| Interdependence | all organisms that interact with other organisms in their environment and also organisms interact with there environment |
| Organism-population-community-ecosystem- biome- biosphere | Organization of an Ecology |
| Biosphere | the thin volume of the earth that supports life |
| Biotic | all living organisms |
| Ecosystem | all of the biotic and abiotic components of a particular environment |
| Abiotic | all physical and chemical characteristics (nonliving) |
| Community | all of the interacting organisms living in an area |
| Population | all of the members of a species that live in a particular area |
| Acclimation | when an organism adjusts its tolerance to abiotic factors |
| Habitat | where an organism lives |
| Niche | the specific role an organism occupies in its environment |
| Energy | is not recycled, new energy must be provided by the sun |
| matter | must be recycled and used again |
| Biogeochemical Cycle | the cycling of key nutrients between the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem |
| Water Cycle | The cycling of water in an ecosystem |
| Carbon Cycle | the cycling of carbon in an ecosystem |
| Nitrogen Cycle | the cycling of nitrogen in an ecosystem |
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