radiography unit 1 test
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 who discovered xrays | Roentgen |
| who introduced the hot cathode rube | Coolidge |
| Who was the first to make a dental radiography which was exposed for 25 minutes | Walkhoff |
| Who introduced bitewing radiographs and wrote the first dental xray textbook | Raper |
| Who published a radiation safety book | Rollins |
| Who applied rule of isometry to bisecting technique | Cieszynski |
| Who developed the paralleling technique | McCormack |
| Who introduced xrays a a dental diagnostic tool | Kells |
| what is the best kind of PID | rectangular |
| what is the goal of the hot cathode tube | to allow xray output to be predetermined and accurately controlled |
| what are 2 goals of radiography | to produce radiographs with the highest quality with lowest possible radiation |
| what year did panoramic radiography emerge | 1960s |
| what is similar to medical CT scans but require less radiation (3d image) | Cone Beam Volumetric Imaging (CBVI) Computed Tomography (CBCT) |
| what is the difference between the old xray film vs new xray film | Emulsion was coated only one side of the old film requiring longer exposure times. the new film is coated on both sides and exposure time needed is shorter |
| what are the characteristics of xrays | 1. invisible 2. travel in straight lines 3. travel at the speed of light 4. have no mass or weigh 5. have no charge 6. interact with matter causing ionization 7. can penetrate opaque tissues and structures |
| what is soft radiation | long wavelength low frequency low energy less penetrating xray |
| what is hard radiation | short wavelength high frequency high energy more penetrating xray |
| radiopaque | white/light gray= dense materials (enamel) |
| radiolucent | black/dark gray= less dense (pulp chamber) |
| what kind of radiation is produced when high speed electrons are stopped or slowed down by the tungsten atoms of the dental xray tube | General/ bremsstrahlung |
| what is the speed of a wave | frequency |
| what is the unit for measuring exposure of ionization in air | coulombs per kilogram/ roentgen |
| what is the unit for measuring exposure when deposited in any form of matter by any type of radiation | Gray/ rad |
| what is the unit for measuring the does equivalent | Sievert/ rem |
| what controls the number of electrons available to make xrays (quantity) | Milliampere (mA) |
| what adjusts the wavelength/ penetrating power (quality) | Kilovolt (kVp) |
| how many impulses in one second | 60 |
| what 3 conditions must exist for xrays to be produced | 1. source of free electrons 2. high voltage to impart speed to the electrons 3. a target that is capable of stopping the electrons |
| does the cathode have a negative or a positive charge | negative |
| what charge does the anode have | positive |
| how many electrical circuits are there in the xrays tube | 2 |
| what level of disinfectant does not kills spores but is a tuberculocidal | Intermediate-level disinfectant |
| what are the 3 basic requirements for an acceptable diagnostic radiograph | 1. minimal distortion, magnification, superimposition, overlap 2. area of interest recorded completely with surrounding tissue 3. error free with proper image characteristics (density, contrast, definition) |
| what is the degree of darkness | density |
| what is the short scale and what is it used for | low kvp, high density, caries detection (black/white) |
| what is the long scare and what is it used for | high kvp, low density, perio abcess (lots of shades of gray) |
| what are the rules of shadow casting | 1. small focal spot 2. long target-object 3. short object-film 4. parallel between object and film 5. perpendicular between central ray of xray beam and object and film |
| true or false: the intensifying screen in a panoramic xray, uses less radiation dose | true |
| what is the purpose of the film base | 1. support for emulsion 2. strength for handling |
| what are the components of the developer | 1. developing agents (reducing agents) 2. activator 3. restrainer 4. preservative |
| what are the components of the fixer | 1. fixing agent (clearing agent) 2. hardening agent 3. acidifer 4. preservative |
| what does CCD stand for | charged coupled device |
| what does CMOS stand for | complementary metal oxide semiconductor |
| what kind of xray detects caries, and looks at crestal boneq | bitewing |
| what size film is used for taking a bitewing | 0, 1, 2, 3 |
| what scale would be used for bitewing radiographs | short scale, low kvp, high contrast |
| what size film is used for taking a PA | 0, 1, 2 |
| what scale would be used for a PA | long scale, high kvp, low contrast |
| what kind of xray detects abcesses, large caries and fractures | PA |
| what kind of xray detects large areas of pathology and locates foreign objects | occlusal |
| what size film is used for taking an occlusal shot | 4, 2 |
| how can you achieve parallelism when using the bisecting technique | move film away from the crown of the tooth |
| how do you avoid a cone cut error | image receptor must be centered within the beam of radiation |
| Not directing the central ray of the x-ray beam perpendicular to the image receptor through the teeth embrasures results in.. | overlap |
| what kind of image is produced with excessive vertical angulation | foreshortened image |
| what kind of image is produced with inadequate vertical angulation | elongated image |
| what technique uses the film close to the teeth and central rays perpendicular through the apical area of the tooth | bisecting technique- rule of isometry |
| for the bisecting technique, what are the specific angles for the mandibular teeth (MPIC) | Molars (-5) Premolars (-10) Incisors (-15) Centrals (-20) |
| for the bisecting technique, what are the specific angels for the maxillary teeth (MPIC) | Molars +20 Premolars +30 Incisors +40 Centrals +45 |
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