Electricity101-09
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Notation in this series | >important< (side note) |
| Static charge | Non-moving electric charge (usually builds up on insulators) |
| 1 Coulomb | 6.24*10^18 electrons (added to or removed from a neutral object) |
| How can you charge an object? | Induction Friction Contact |
| Induction | Movement of electrons within a substance caused by a nearby charged object, without any direct contact. |
| Insulator | Does not conduct electricity at all |
| Conductor | Conducts electricity very well |
| How do you read the Triboelectric series? | 1 Tend to lose electrons 2 3 4 ... 99 100 Tend to gain electrons |
| Name two types of electroscopes | Pith-Ball Metal-leaf |
| Electrochemical cells | package of chemicals that converts chemical energy to electric energy |
| Electrolyte | liquid or paste that conducts electricity |
| Electrode | Metal strips that react with an electrolyte. Two different electrodes, like zinc and copper, are used in batteries |
| Wet Cell | electrochemical cell with a liquid electrolyte. |
| Dry Cell | electrochemical cell with an electrolytic paste. |
| Fuel Cell | Electrochemical cell that generates electricity directly form a chemical reaction with a fuel (such as hydrogen or petroleum) |
| Current Electricity | continuous flow of electrons >in a circuit< |
| Circuit | Path that electrons flow through (includes power source, switches, electric loads and the conducting wires). |
| Switch | A device that turns the circuit on or off by closing or opening the circuit >an open switch means there is a break in the circuit, which means the electrons can't flow through< |
| Load | Any device that converts electrical potential energy to another form of energy (light bulbs, motors, TVs,etc.) |
| Charge(Q) | charged particles that exert a force on one and other Measured in Coulombs(C) 1C=6.24×10^18 |
| Current | Charge(Q)/Time(t)=Current(I) Measured in Amperes 1 Coulomb/sec= 1 Ampere |
| Electric Potential Energy | Potential energy of an electrical charge |
| Electric Potential Difference | Amount of potential energy lost by each coulomb(C) between two points {A&B} Can also be refered to as Potential Difference across AB. |
| Volts(V) | Unit for measuring electric potential difference V=E(in joules)/Q(in Coulombs) |
| Ohm's Law | V(oltage)=I(current)×R(esistance) Increase Resistance, current lowers Increase Voltage, Current becomes higher |
| Ampere(A) | Rate of current flow 1 A= 1 C(oulomb)/s(econd) |
| Alternating Current | Current flows back and forth at regular intervals called cycles |
| Direct Current | Current flows only in one direction |
| Resistance(R) | amount that a substance/object(called a resistor) opposes the flow of electrons |
| Ohms(Ω) | Unit for measuring resistance |
| Resistor | An object that causes resistance in a circuit. It slows down the current and converts some electrical energy into other types of energy |
| Transistor | Tiny devices that act as a switch or amplifier in a circuit |
| Series Circuit | An electrical circuit where the current has only one path. If the path is interrupted in any point, it stops current flow in the entire circuit. |
| Parallel Circuit | A closed electrical circuit in which the current is divided into two or more paths and then returns via a common path to complete the circuit. |
| Junction Point | the location where a circuit divides into multiple points or where multiple points combine. |
| Short Circuit | A circuit that forms a direct path across a voltage source (with little or no resistance) so that a very high and possibly unsafe electric current flows. |
| Fuse | an electrical device that contains a metal strip that melts and stops current flow when current in the circuit becomes too great |
| Circuit Breaker | Device that contains either a special metal strip or an electromagnet that moves a switch to open a circuit when electric current reaches an unsafe level |
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