psy of stress ch. 14
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 pranayama | controlled breathing strategy; known as Ujjaya |
| yoga | means "yoked", a form of union; also means "meditation" |
| asanas | different postural positions used by Hatha yoga |
| hatha yoga | yoga of physical discipline |
| raja yoga | meaning "king"; characterized by practitioners as the royal path to relaxation; has 8 components |
| biofeedback | involves the use of recording devices to present visual or auditory tracking information to participants of their targeted internal physiological responses |
| psychophysiology | field of study known as the scientific study of the interrelationships of physiological and cognitive processes; tied to biofeedback |
| transcendental meditation (TM) | form of mantra meditation originated by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi that removed what he considered the nonessential elements of yoga |
| hypo metabolic state | state characterized by reduced oxygen consumption; can be achieved during a typical 20-30 minute meditative session |
| patricia carrington | originator of the clinically standardized meditation (CSM) |
| clinically standardized meditation | meditation may be a fluid state of consciousness, partaking of qualities of both sleep and wakefulness, resembling they hypnogogic or 'falling asleep' state |
| mantra | a word, sound, or phrase that is repeated during concentrative meditation |
| six indicators of an altered state | time distortion, ineffability, present-centeredness, perceptual distortion, enhanced receptivity, and self-transcendence |
| time distortion | theory that right hemisphere is more dominant during meditation; left hemisphere is the time keeper |
| ineffability | type of experience that cannot be put into words; right hemisphere speaks in symbols |
| present-centeredness | mind is focused on what is occurring in the moment |
| perceptual distortions | regarding bodily sensations due to the way the right hemisphere processes sensory information |
| enhanced receptivity | unconscious thoughts may enter into consciousness |
| self-transcendence | meditation can evoke mystical or spiritual qualities |
| desensitization theory | based on concept of systematic desensitization, suggests that mantra meditation induces a global desensitization of many disturbing thoughts and images |
| black out theory | suggests that mantra meditation restricts consciousness of our external world and in effect temporarily deletes it from our active neural circuitry |
| rhythm theory | natural rhythms are soothing, comforting, and relaxing |
| cerebral hemisphere balance theory | during our everyday activities, the left hemisphere is often dominant; during meditation, the right hemisphere plays a more dominant role |
| mantra meditation | herbert benson; form of meditation with the largest body of research findings |
| concentrative meditation | form of meditation that includes mantra meditation in which the strategy employed is to focus or concentrate on one stimulus |
| nonconcentrative mediation | form of meditation in which attention is kept broader along a continuum of stimuli |
| mindfulness meditation | utilizes any object of attention such that there is more flexibility in the object of awareness than there is in concentrative meditation |
| zen buddhist meditation (zazen) | meditation that has many minfulness practices |
| mindful-based stress reduction | jon kabat-zinn's development |
| meta-cognition | thinking about one's thinking |
| observing self | the component of the self in mindfulness practice that notices thoughts |
| defuse | a mindfulness process of preventing the fusing or merging of the self with disturbing or stressful thoughts |
| psychological flexibility | mindfulness + commitment and behavior change; enables us to adapt to the demands of daily living more successful and hence to experience better health |
| vipassana meditation | a form of mindfulness meditation based on buddhist practice |
| loving kindness meditation therapy | found to improve satisfaction of marital relationships even in happy relationships |
| secular meditation | also known as relaxation response meditation; repetition of one word; beginners start with the word one |
| open awareness | mediator disengages the analytical mind, suspends judgement and becomes a passive observes or the images |
| guided meditation | focus on the aspects of the self that are relevant to your aspirations and do so in a mindful way that suspends judgement |
| electromyograph (EMG) | measure of the electrical activity of the skeletal muscles |
| biofeedback | used as relief from tension-type headaches, migraines, pelvic disorders, essential hypertension and phantom limb pain |
| migraine headaches | headaches that appear to be vascular in origin |
| hand warm | the use of cognitive strategies that increase the skin temperature of the hand; beneficial for migraines |
| blood-volume pulse feedback | biofeedback in which changes in the skin blood volume are measured with a noninvasive instrument called a photoelectric plethysmograph |
| raynaud's phenomenon (RP) | a painful condition triggered by cold exposure or emotional stress involving vasoconstriction of the arteries and arterioles of the fingers and toes; can use temperature biofeedback for a treatment |
| essential hypertension | a disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronically elevated blood pressure |
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