Chapter 2 The Body as a Whole
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abdomen | part of the trunk between thorax and pelvis |
| anatomy | the study of the structures of the human body |
| anterior | the front surface of the body |
| caudal | pertaining to or nearer to the tailbone |
| cephalic | pertaining to or nearer to the head |
| coronal | pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| distal | situated away from the center of the body |
| dorsal | pertaining to the back or situated behind |
| lateral | situated at the side of a structure |
| medial | nearer to the middle of the body |
| posterior | pertaining to the back surface of the body/behind |
| prone | lying face down, flat on your belly |
| proximal | situated nearest to the center of the body |
| sagittal | vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left portions |
| supine | lying face up, flat on your spine |
| transverse | horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions |
| ventral | pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly |
| abdominopelvic | pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis |
| cavity | a hollow space or body compartment |
| cranial | a hollow space or body compartment |
| cranium | the skull |
| diaphragm | muscular sheet separating he abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| quadrant | one quarter of a circle, one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen |
| spine | the vertebral column or short bony projection |
| thoracic | pertaining to the chest |
| thorax | part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck |
| umbilical | pertaining to the umbilici or the center of the abdomen |
| umbilicus | pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus |
| cell | the smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence |
| conception | fertilization of the egg by sperm to form a zygote |
| cytology | study of the cell |
| fertilization | union of a male sperm and female egg |
| organ | structure with specific functions-made up of tissues |
| organelle | part of a cell made up of molecules |
| tissue | collection of similar cells |
| zygote | cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg |
| anabolism | the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism |
| catabolism | the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as a part of metabolism |
| hormone | chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ |
| lipid | general term for all types of fatty compounds |
| metabolism | the constantly changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cel that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism |
| protein | based on amino acids |
| RNA | the information carrier from DNA to the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules |
| steroid | large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, anybody components |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of the interior of a joint |
| connective tissue | the supporting tissue of the body |
| cruciate | shaped like a cross |
| graft | transplantation of living tissue |
| histology | the study of the structure and function of cels, tissues, and organs |
| ligament | band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures |
| meniscus | disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint |
| patella (patellae) | thin, circular bone embedded in the patellar tendon in front of the knee joint, also called the knee cap |
| therapy | systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, disorder |
| capsule | fibrous tissue layer surrounding a joint or other structure |
| cartilage | nonvasuclar, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints |
| collagen | major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone |
| matrix | substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together |
| nutrient | a substance in food required for normal physiologic function |
| synovial | pertaining to the synovial membrane or fluid |
| tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to bone |
| cardiovascular | pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
| endocrine | a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance |
| homeostasis | maintaining the stability of a system or the body's internal environment |
| integument | the skin organ system |
| lymph | clear fluid collected from body tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation |
| nervous | pertaining to a nerve or the nervous system |
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