| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Mixture | A substance composed of two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but not chemically combined. |
| Solvent | A substance that does the dissolving. |
| Solute | A substance that is dissolved. |
| Acids | Compounds that release hydrogen ions into solution. |
| Bases | Compounds that release hydroxide ions into solution. |
| pH Scale | Ranges from 0-14 and indicates the relative concentrations of ions. |
| Organic Compounds | Compounds containing carbon. |
| Inorganic Compounds | Compounds that don't contain carbon. |
| Macromolecules | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids | Four groups of organic compounds that are found in living things. |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compound, molecules that are often called sugars and starches. |
| Monosaccharides | Single sugars. |
| Disaccharide | The compound formed from the joining of two single sugars in dehydration synthesis. |
| Polysaccharides | Very large molecules formed by joining together many monosccharide units. |
| Hydrolysis | When polysaccharides are split apart to again form monosaccharides, the dehydration synthesis reaction is reversed. |
| Lipids | Organic compounds that are waxy or oily. |
| Cholesterol | A molecule that is one of the most common sterols. |
| Sterols and Phospholipids | Two other kinds of lipids. |
| Proteins | Organic compounds that contain nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. They are polymers of amino acids. |
| Amino Acids | Has an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other- they can form covalent bonds. |
| Peptide Bond | The covalent bond that joins two amino acids. |
| Catalyst | A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. |
| Enzymes | Proteins |
| Nucleic Acids | Large complex organic molecules composed of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms. |
| Nucleotides | Nucleic acids polymers of individual monomers made up of three basic parts. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Contains sugar ribose. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Contains the sugar deoxyribose. |
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