Chpt 53 - Population Ecology
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Created by:
jessica_mitchell119 on June 5, 2012
Description:
Chapter 53, Campbell & Reece, 8th Ed.
Classes:
thunderbird honors biology, Honors Biology, thunderbird ap biology, Wilson APBio 2012 MVHS, GUHSD AP Biology
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 age structure | The relative number of individuals of each age in a population. |
| big-bang reproduction | A life history in which adults have but a single reproductive opportunity to produce large numbers of offspring, such as the life history of the Pacific salmon; also known as semelparity. |
| carrying capacity | The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K. |
| clumped | Describing a dispersion pattern in which individuals are aggregated in patches. |
| cohort | A group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all are dead. |
| demographic transition | A shift from zero population growth in which birth rates and death rates are high to zero population growth characterized instead by low birth and death rates. |
| demography | The study of statistics relating to births and deaths in populations. |
| density | The number of individuals per unit area or volume. |
| density dependent | Referring to any characteristic that varies according to an increase in population density. |
| density independent | Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density. |
| dispersion | The pattern of spacing among individuals within geographic population boundaries. |
| ecological capacity | The actual resource base of a country. |
| ecological footprint | A method to use multiple constraints to estimate the human carrying capacity of Earth by calculating the aggregate land and water area in various ecosystem categories that is appropriated by a nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates. |
| emigration | The movement of individuals out of a population. |
| exponential population growth | The geometric increase of a population as it grows in an ideal, unlimited environment. |
| immigration | The influx of new individuals from other areas. |
| infant mortality | The number of infant deaths per 1, 000 live births. |
| iteroparity | A life history in which adults produce large numbers of offspring over many years; also known as repeated reproduction. |
| K-selection | The concept that in certain (K-selected) populations, life history is centered around producing relatively few offspring that have a good chance of survival. |
| life expectancy at birth | The predicted average length of life at birth. |
| life history | The series of events from birth through reproduction and death. |
| life table | A table of data summarizing mortality in a population. |
| logistic population growth | A model describing population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity. |
| mark-recapture method | A sampling technique used to estimate wildlife populations. |
| meta-population | A subdivided population of a single species. |
| population | A localized group of individuals that belong to the same biological species (that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring). |
| population dynamics | The study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size. |
| population ecology | The study of populations in relation to the environment, including environmental influences on population density and distribution, age structure, and variations in population size. |
| random | Describing a dispersion pattern in which individuals are spaced in a patternless, unpredictable way. |
| repeated reproduction | A life history in which adults produce large numbers of offspring over many years; also known as iteroparity. |
| reproductive table | An age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population. |
| r-selection | The concept that in certain (r-selected) populations, a high reproductive rate is the chief determinant of life history. |
| semelparity | A life history in which adults have but a single reproductive opportunity to produce large numbers of offspring, such as the life history of the Pacific salmon; also known as big-bang reproduction. |
| survivorship curve | A plot of the number of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age; one way to represent age-specific mortality. |
| territoriality | A behavior in which an animal defends a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals, usually of its own species. Territory defense may involve direct aggression or indirect machanisms such as scent marking or singing. |
| uniform | Describing a dispersion pattern in which individuals are evenly distributed. |
| zero population growth (ZPG) | A period of stability in population size, when the per capita birth rate and death rate are equal. |
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