Doherty Ancient History
Order by
106 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Etruscans | people from Etruria , ( north of Rome) that took control of Rome and Latium. Ruled Rome for more than 100 years. Built up Rome, streets, temples. Skilled metal workers Rome became rich from mining and trade |
| Patricians | Latin Nobles |
| Plebeians | the poorer majority of the roman empire; the working class; couldnt be part of government; could vote but not hold office; couldnt be in army |
| Consuls | Headed Roman executive branch |
| Dictator | Leader whose word is law |
| Tribunes | Chosen plebeian representatives |
| Indemnity | a payment for damage or loss |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants. |
| Scipio | Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC) |
| Latifundia | Large estates that provided grains, sheep, olives, and fruits |
| Gracchus Brothers | Tiberius- proposed limiting size of latifundia and distributing land to poor, killed in streets Gaius- proposed same reforms and also was killed |
| Marius | a Roman general who was elected consul seven times- he is known for the big changes he made to the Roman army, making it easier for men to be Roman soldiers |
| Sulla | Rival of Marius, He marches on rome and takes control of the senate, he kills all who oppose him. Tries to reestablish senate as roman body of control. Is friends with pompey |
| Julius Caesar | Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power |
| Triumvirate | a government by three people with equal power (Octavian, Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus) |
| Augustus | Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC |
| Julio- Claudian Emperors | Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero |
| Good Emperors | Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius |
| Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. |
| Aqueducts | artificial channels for carrying water |
| Galen | Formed basis of Roman medical science |
| Ptolemy | Formed foundation of Roman Astronomy, Geocentric Model |
| Sect | group |
| Messiah | deliverer chosen by God |
| Disciples | Followers |
| Paul/Saul | A.D. 11-67 Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world |
| Peter | A.D. 5-67 One of the 12 apostles of Jesus; Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope, bishop of Rome |
| Martyrs | People who suffer or die for their beliefs |
| Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) |
| Theodosius | The Roman emperor who made Christianity the official religion of Rome |
| Augustine | Wrote "The Confessions" |
| Bishop | Oversaw diocese, or group of churches |
| Patriarchs | Bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, the five leading cities |
| Pope | Head of all the churches |
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code |
| Theodora | the wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt. |
| Clergy | A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis. |
| Laity | Church members who weren't clergy |
| Icons | Religious images |
| Leo III | Ordered all icons be removed from the church |
| Iconoclasts | Image Breakers |
| Schism | Seperation |
| Theology | Religious teachings |
| Regents | Temporary Rulers |
| Mosaic | art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass |
| Illuminated Manuscript | a handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals |
| Monasteries | Religious communities |
| Missionaries | People who carry a religious message |
| Cyril and Methodius | Christian missionaries who tried to teach the Bible to Slavs in central and eastern Europe. and made an alphabet for them |
| Clovis | king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy |
| Mayors of the palace | Political Power passed from kings to government officials known as |
| Charles Martel | the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslimsin the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him. |
| Pepin the Short | He was Charles Martel's son. He defeated the Lombards and gave their land to the Pope. This territoy became the Papal States. He was annointed King by the Grace of God. |
| Charlemagne | Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800 |
| Frankish Empire | Charlemagne's extended empire: Germany, France, northern Spain, and most o f Italy- became known as. |
| Counts | Local officials that assisted Charlemagne |
| Vikings | Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia |
| Fuedalism | a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to a king in return for loyalty and military service |
| Fiefs | Estates with peasants |
| Knights | Mounted warriors |
| Vassal | Noble who served the lord of the next higher rank |
| Homage | Celebration that made ties between lord and vassal official |
| Tournaments | Mock battles between knights |
| Chivalry | a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle |
| Manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land. |
| Serfs | men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection |
| Sacraments | Church rituals |
| Abbot | Monastery Head |
| Abbess | Head nun in a monastery |
| Cardinals | Catholic officials ranking next below the pope. |
| Lay Investiture | The appointment of bishops and abbots by secular rulers, often in exchange for temporal protection. |
| Heresy | The denial of basic church teachings |
| Excommunication | Expulsion from the church |
| Friars | Wandering Preachers |
| Common Law | Using traveling judges to apply law equally throughout the land |
| Grand Jury | Submitted names of suspects |
| Petit Jury | Established suspects guilt or innocence |
| Middle Class | Weren't nobles or peasants |
| Crusades | Conquests to regain the Holy Land of Jerusalem |
| Pope Urban II | Called for the first crusade |
| Saladin | united Muslim forces and regained Jerusalem in 1187 |
| Money Economy | An economy based on money |
| Guilds | Forerunners of todays trade unions |
| Masters | Artisans who owned shops, tools, and trained apprentices |
| Apprentices | Unpaid assistants to masters |
| Journeyman | A paid apprentice |
| Charters | Documents that gave kings the right to control their own affairs |
| Scholasticism | Emphasized reason and faith in the interpretation of doctrine |
| Troubadours | Composed lyric poems and songs about love and feats of knights |
| Vernacular | the language of everyday life |
| Joan of Arc | French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king |
| Cortes | Assemblies in which nobles are powerful |
| Pilgrimages | Journeys to holy places |
| Secular | Worldly |
| Individualism | An emphasis on the person |
| Sonnets | Short poems |
| Italian Renaissance Humanists | Petrarch, Castiglione, Machiavelli |
| Doge | leader |
| Chateaux | Castles |
| Northern Renaissance Humanists | Rabelais, Erasmus, Brueghel, More, Shakespeare |
| Henry VIII | English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval) |
| Mary | Became queen after Edward died, was Catholic |
| Elizabeth | Protestant who became queen after Mary died, last Tudor monarch |
| Seminary | Theological School |
| Baroque | New art style that showed restraint, simplicity, and order |
| Jesuits | Society of Jesus, founded to educate young people |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.