z00logeny
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 5 chordate synapomorphies | notochord, single/dorsal/tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches/slits, endostyle, postanal tail |
| Each organism on this final is in which phylum | chordata |
| 3 subdivisions of chordata w/ examples what level of taxonomic classification? | urochordata = ascidians. cephalochordata=amphioxus. Vertebrata=vertebrates. subphylums. |
| outgroup to vertebrata | cephalochordata |
| sister taxa to vertebrata | cephalochordata |
| 2 Subdivisions of vertebrata? taxonomic level? | agnathans and gnathostomes, clades |
| 3 subdivisions of agnathans and taxonomic level. Which subdivision is extinct? | ostracoderms/myxini/cephalaspidomorphi. Class level. ostracoderms extinct |
| 2 examples of extant agnathans and their class | myxini= hagfish and cephalaspidomorphi = lampreys |
| agnatha is which type of clade? and why? | paraphyletic, gnathostomes not included |
| ostracoderms are which type of clade? | paraphyletic, gnathstomes not included |
| name 3 gnathostome clades, which is extinct? | placodermi, chondricthyes, teleostomi. placodermi extinct |
| most basal gnathostome clade | placodermi |
| 3 types of organisms in chondricthyes | sharks/rays/chimaeras (ratfishes) |
| 2 divisions of chondricthyes and their members | elasmobranchii (sharks/rays) and holocephalii(chimaeras) |
| 3 teleostomi subdivisions. which is extinct? What taxonomic level are the division? | acanthodii, osteichthys, tetrapoda. Acanthodii extinct. superclasses |
| what type of clade are each of the 3 teleostomi subdivision | acanthodii/tetrapoda = monophyletic. osteichtyes=paraphyletic |
| osteicthys is what kind of clade? and why? | paraphyletic b/c tetrapods not included |
| 8 divisions of gnathostomata and taxonomic level | placodermi, chondricthyes, actinopterygii, sarcopterygii, amphibia, reptilia, aves, mammals, classes |
| 4 divisions of tetrapoda and their taxonomic level. | amphibia, reptilia, aves, mammals. classes |
| 2 divisions of osteicthyes, defining characteristics and taxonomic level | actinopterygii (ray finned) and sarcopterygii(lobe/flesh finned), classes |
| 2 subdivisons of actinopterygii and examples | neopterygii and chondrostei (sturgeons/bichirds/paddlefishes) |
| clade containing 96% of fish and half of vertebrates | teleostei |
| teleostei clade containied within which subclass | neopterygii |
| 4 teleostei characteristics | gas bladder and suction of feeding via neg pressure of buccal cavity, homocertail tail, ctenoid scales |
| 3 divisions of sarcopterygii. examples and which is extinct | dipnoi = lungfishes. Actinistia =coelocanths. and rhipidistia, extinct |
| tetrapod lineage began from which fish lineage and give example | rhipidistian. eusthenopteron |
| subdivision of amphibia | lissamphibia |
| 5 lissamphibia synapomorphies | naked moist skin with poison/mucous glands, no nails claws, buccopharyngeal air pump, metamorphosis, bulbi muscles control eyes |
| 3 subdivisions of lissamphibia | caudata, anura, gymnophiona(caelians), |
| largest salamander family | plethodontidae |
| plethodontidae characterisitcs | lungless, depends on respiration via skin |
| gymnophiona characteristics | solid skull for fossorial habit, long slender and legless, eyes covered w/ skin and bone, derived, tentacle lubricated by harderian gland |
| 3 subvidivisions of amnoites. which is extinct? | anapsida/diapsida/synapsida. anapsida extinct |
| amniotes 2 synapomorphies | amniotic egg/lungs ventilated by neg pressure |
| all amniotes are contained within | tetrapoda |
| 3 diapsid subdivisions | lepidosauria, archosauria, testudines |
| lepidosauria includes | all modern reptiles but crododiles and turtles. |
| 2 lepidosauria subdivisions. examples of each | rhycocephalia tuatara and squamata serpents/lacertilia/amphisbaenians |
| most basal lepidosauria lineage | tuatara |
| sister taxon to squamata | tuatara |
| amphisbaenians include | worm lizzards, akinetic skull and fossorial habit |
| lacertilia is paraphyletic when | snakes/amphisbaenians not included |
| pterosaurs, birds, and crocodylians are included in | archosauria |
| aves subdivision and characteristic | neornithes, all extant |
| neornithes 2 subdivisions and characteristics | paleo (flightless) and neognathes (flight) |
| theropods are a division of which amniote division | diapsids |
| 3 synapsida lineages | pelycosaurs, therapsids, cynodonts |
| pelycosaurs what kind of clade and why? | paraphyletic, therapsis not included |
| therapsids what kind of clade and why? | paraphyletic, cynodonts not included |
| cynodonts what kind of clade and why? | paraphyletic, mammals not included |
| mammal lineage diverged from which synapsid lineage? | cynodonts |
| earliest chordate | pikaia |
| eusthenopteron subclass | rhipidistia |
| most basal necked vert lineage | tiktaalik |
| includes several extinct lineages plus lissamphibia | temnospondylii |
| tridobatracus relationship to modern anurans | outgroup, ancestor |
| misc clades | chordata, agnatha, gnathostomes, temnospondylii, lissamphibia |
| ancestral chordate resembles | amphioxus |
| t/f mammals are only synapsids | true |
| t/f snakes, lizzards and amphisbaenians are clades | true |
| t/f ampullae of lorenzini found in all fish | false, cartilaginous fish |
| why aren't amphibians amniotes? | no terrestrial adapted egg |
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