Bio Chapter 3 (All Sections)
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Lovelylady on October 9, 2009
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Active Transport | energy- requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower |
| Cell Membrane | double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell |
| Cell Theory | theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life |
| Cell Wall | rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria |
| Centriole | smal cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis |
| Chloroplast | organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll |
| Concentration Gradient | difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another |
| Cytoplasm | jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cell organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell |
| Diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
| Endocytosis | uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins |
| Eukaryotic Cells | cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles |
| Prokaryotic Cells | cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
| Exocytosis | release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane |
| Facilitated Diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
| Golgi Apparatus | stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort and deliver proteins |
| Hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| Hypotonic | solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| Isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| Lysosome | organelle that contains enzymes |
| Mitochondion | bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA |
| Nucleus | organelle made up of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA |
| Organelle | structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across that a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration |
| Passive Transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell |
| Phagocytosis | uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle |
| Phospholipid | molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; made up of a glycerol, a phosphate group and two fatty acids |
| Receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response |
| Ribosome | organelle that links amino acids together to form protiens |
| Selective Permeability | condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane |
| Vesicle | small organelle that contains and carries materials within the cytoplasm |
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