Year 10 Science Genetics
Order by
35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Karyotype | A diagram which shows the genetic makeup of someone and the arrangement of their chromosomes |
| Octoploid | A cell/organism with eight complete sets of chromosomes |
| Locus | The specific site of a particular gene on its chromosome |
| Autosomes | Non-sex chromosomes |
| Sex Chromosomes | One of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human, contains genes that will determine the sex of the individual |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Genes | Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| Protein | Organic compounds composed of long chains of amino acids called polypeptides |
| Chromosome | A continuous piece of DNA which contains many genes and nucleotide sequences |
| A | Adenine |
| T | Thymine |
| C | Cytosine |
| G | Guanine |
| Triplets | Three bases form base sequences (proteins) e.g. ATC |
| Mutations | Changes in the genetic material |
| Zygote | First cell resulting from fertilisation of an egg |
| Gametes | Reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells |
| Mitosis | The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell |
| Meiosis | Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| Diploid Cell | A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. |
| Haploid Cell | A cell containing only one set of chromosomes. |
| Alleles | Different forms of a gene |
| Heterozygous | Having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci |
| Homozygous | Having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci |
| Meiosis Prophase 1 | Chromosomes become visible as pairs |
| Meiosis Metaphase 1 | Homologous pairs of double-stranded chromosomes line up along the middle (equator) of the cell and attach to spindle fibres |
| Meiosis Anaphase 1 | One of each pair of chromosomes moves to opposite ends of the cell |
| Meiosis Telophase 1 | The cell divides in two. Each cell has half the original number of chromosomes, but they are still double chromatids. |
| Meiosis Prophase 2 | Chromosomes appear same as they were in Telophase 1 |
| Meiosis Metaphase 2 | Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell on spindle fibres |
| Meiosis Anaphase 2 | The double chromsomes split at the centromere and one chromatid moves to one end of the cell and the other pair moves toward the other end of the cell |
| Meiosis Telophase 2 | A new nucleus forms around the single chromosomes at each end of the cell and the cell divides in two again. Four daughter cells are produced. |
| Meiosis | -Occurs in sex cells -Produces Gametes -4 daughter cells are produced -Half the number of chromosomes are passed on to the daughter cells -Chromosomes double once Cells divide twice |
| Homologous Pair | A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have relatively similar structures and gene values |
| Hemizygous | The single set of genes that males acquire from their mother's X chromosome |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.