Travel and Tourism 2
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Created by:
amandapaul18 on June 6, 2012
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 culture | group or community you share common experiences that shape the way you understand the world, lens you view the world |
| directness | gets to the point versus implying a message |
| hierarchy | follows orders versus engaging in debate |
| consensus | dissent is accepted verses unanimity is needed |
| individualism | individual winner versus team effectiveness |
| characteristics of stereotypes | simple, aquired secondhand, erroneous, resistant to change |
| simple stereotype | more simple than reality, summarized in 2-3 sentences |
| aquired secondhand | from cultural mediators rather than personal experience |
| erroneous | all stereotypes are false, attempts to claim each human in a certain group shares common qualities |
| resistant to change | last 25 years, difficulty w race/gender inequalities alert ppl to most tragic consequences |
| 6 Patterns of Cultural Differences | -diff commun styles -diff attitudes toward conflict -diff approaches to completing tasks -diff decision making styles -diff attitudes toward disclosure -diff approaches to knowing |
| Decision Making Styles | -S Europe and Latin American's place strong values on holding decision making responsibilities oneself -Japanese reach this through consensus |
| epistemologies | the way people come to know things *europeans consider info through cognitive means (counting/measuring) more valid |
| Cross Cultural Communication Styles | -Time and Space -Fate and Personal Responsibility -Face and Face-Saving -Nonverbal Communication |
| Time | -West in quantitative, lineaar, focus one event at a time -East is unlimited and unraveling, polychromous-many things happen at once |
| Linear | -monochronic -quantitative -focus on future -N and W hemispheres |
| Flexible | -polychronic -value relationship over sched -focus on present -S Europe and S America |
| Cyclical Time | -unraveling and unlimited continuity -circular and relaxed -Asia, Africa, Native American Culture |
| Face | standing a person has in the eyes of others |
| Low Context Culture | -US -less emphasis on nonverbal cues |
| High Context Cultures | -Japan -more emphasis on nonverbal cues |
| flowers | chrysanthemums: funeral red flowers: secrecy yellow flowers: jealousy purple: bad luck |
| Government | Prez of Republic names Prime Minister who appoints Ministers |
| President of the Republic | -7 years, head of stae elected by Parliament -commander armed forces -presides over defense council -power ot declate war w deliberations of chambers -presides over supreme council of magistrates |
| Lateran Pacts of 1929 | establish status of church in Italy |
| Education | -primary (scuole elementare) -lower (scuola media) -upper (scuola superiore) Ministry of Education, Universities and Research is responsible for administration of state schools |
| School Year | mid-sept to end of June school hrs vary by region, 5, 6 full or half days |
| Education Levels | -scuola materna -scuola primaria -scuola media -scuola superiore, liceo |
| What school requires national curriculum? | lower secondary school |
| How many hours of class to students attend? | 30 to 40 |
| What happens at the end of the 3rd year of school? | take standard exams of written papers and an oral |
| Secondary School | 2 categories: liceo (academic) and istituto (vocational) |
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