AP environmental science ch. 6
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Created by:
c00kiem0nster on June 6, 2012
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 aftershock | A weaker earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake |
| asthenosphere | -The lower layer of the crust -weak sphere(soft) -small amount of melting |
| body wave | seismic waves that travel through Earth's interior (p waves and s waves) |
| core | the central part of the Earth - composed of iron/nickel alloy -extreme pressure |
| crust | the outer layer of the Earth (thin/ rocky) skin of earth divided into oceanic and Continental crust |
| earthquake | the vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of energy -most often earthquakes are caused by slippage in the fault |
| elastic rebound | -the springing back of rock - rock behaves elastically |
| epicenter | the location on the Earth's surface directly above the focus(center of earthquake under the surface) of an earthquake |
| fault | large fractures in earth's crust |
| fault creep | occurs smoothly, with little seismic activity - slow, gradual displacement |
| focus | -center of earthquake waves -under the surface |
| foreshock | a small earthquake before a major earthquake ex: days before or years before |
| inner core | a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth -material in the inner core is stronger(solid) |
| intensity | degree of shaking(earthquake) |
| liquefaction | occurs when an earthquake's violent shaking turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud -unconsolidated materials that are saturated with water |
| lithosphere | the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle - sphere of rock |
| magnitude | - quantitive measurement of an earthquake based on seismic records |
| mantle | the layer of the earth between the crust and the core -solid rocky shell |
| modified mercalli intensity scale | measures damage |
| (moho) | boundary that separates the crust from the mantle |
| movement magnitude | amount of displacement along the fault zone, rather than measuring ground motion |
| outer core | liquid layer |
| primary (p) waves | one type of waves that travel through earth's interior |
| Richter scale | - based on amplitude of largest seismic wave -Richter magnitude less than 2.0 can't be felt by humans - Richter magnitude used for local earthquakes |
| secondary (s) waves | the other type of wave that can travel into earth's interior but not completely ( half way) |
| tsunami | seismic sea wave - occurs when oceanic crust is displaced - water can build up (height) |
| seismogram | records of earthquakes (written down) |
| seismograph | modern instruments that record earthquake waves |
| seismology | the study of earthquake waves |
| shadow zone | s waves can not travel through this zone (middle of earth) |
| surface waves | waves that along earth's outer layer (surface) |
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