chapter one
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 biology | the study of life |
| spontanious generation | a disproved belief that some living things arise from nonliving materials |
| biogenesis | the accepted theory that life gives rise to life |
| asexual reproduction | without sex |
| cell division | one cell divides into 2 |
| budding | break off of a piece of the individual and continues to grow |
| sexual reproduction | union of egg and sperm |
| metabolism | the sum of all the physical and chemical processes ny which energy and matter are made available for use by the organism |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| work | to accomplish a task |
| matter | amount of material that makes up an object |
| mass | measure of amount of material in an object |
| weight | measure of gravitational force |
| anabolism | the metabolism of building up chemical reaction in which simpler substances result in the production of new cellular material |
| catabolism | the matabolism of breaking down chemical reaction in which complex substances are broken into simpler ones |
| growth | process where anabolism exceeds catabolism |
| adptation | an organisms ability to change in a limited fashion |
| nutrition | depends on type of organism |
| autotrophs | make their own food (plants) |
| heterotrophs | must actively seek out their food (animals) |
| natural history | study of the outdoors |
| aristotle | first natural historian; first to record his observations |
| galen | studies ananomy based on external features of humans; wrote "book of anatomy";at the time his work marked the corner stone of biology |
| vesalius | dissected first human to study anatomy; proved many of galen's theorys to be wrong |
| mendel | developed principals of genetics |
| ehrich | developed arsenic compound to combat syphilis |
| fleming | discovered penicillin |
| pasteur | developed the science of bacteria |
| jenner | preformed the first vaccination |
| zoology | study of animals |
| morphology | study of form and structure of animals |
| physiology | study of function of organisms |
| cytology | study of cells |
| bacteriology | study of bacteria |
| ichthyology | study of fish |
| herpetology | study of reptiles |
| parasitology | study of parasites |
| ornithology | study of birds |
| oncology | study of cancer |
| organization | the bodies of higher animals are organized in increasing complexity |
| cell | structure unit of life |
| tissue | group of similar cells organized into a functional unit |
| organ | structure composed of different tissue |
| organ system | organs that function together |
| organism | organ systems working together |
| microscope | one of most improtant tools to a biologist; provides enlarged image of small object |
| anton leevwenhoek | dutch lens crafter; designed first simple microscope; discovered that curvature of a lens would change in magnifying power |
| janssen brothers | spectacle markers; developed the first compound microscope |
| ocular | eyepiece; 10x magnification power |
| course ajustment | largest knob on microscope; used to first locate objects on a slide |
| fine ajustment | smallest knob on microscope; used to sharper focus of a sample on a slide |
| high power | 40x magnification |
| low power | 10x magnification |
| clips | used to hold a slide on the stage of microscope |
| diaphragm | light adjuster; regulates the amount of light reaching the lens system |
| body tube | barrel located between the objectives and the ocular |
| arm | supports the body tube and stage |
| stage | platform where slide is placed |
| base | the bottom of the microscope frame |
| mirror | helps direct light into lenses |
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