Chapter 4 Emerging Diseases
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christamaggio on October 9, 2009
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Emerging disease | New infectious disease that have not been recognized before as well as known infectious diseases with changing patterns |
| Zoonotic | Diseases involving animals or insect-borne diseases |
| Legionella pneumophila | A bactierum that causes the pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease |
| Ebola hemorrhagic fever | A rapidly progressing viral disease that causes a high fever with bleeding from multiple sites and the ultimate shutdown of the major organs |
| 1976 | The first recognized two outbreaks of Ebola in Zaire, Africa ( Ebola- Zair) and Sudan, Africa (Ebola- Sudan) |
| Pandemic | An epidemic that has become worldwide |
| Epidemic | A disease outbreak that has a very high incidence in a population over a relatively short period of time. |
| 1983 | The year the HIV type 1 was recognized |
| Rift Valley fever | A viral disease caused by a mosquito vector that results in high fever and sometimes retinitis and ,rarely, fulminant hepatites with hemorrhage. |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | Is a bacterial spirochete that causes Lyme disease which is transmitted to humans through the bite of a tick |
| Spirochete | A flexable, wavy-shaped bacterium |
| Vector | A organism (as an insect) that transmits a pathogen |
| West Nile virus | Was first discovered in Uganda and causes mild encephitis but can produce a severe and fatal disease. It is transmitted by ornithophlic (bird-loving) mosquitoes. |
| SARS | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a pneumonia-like disease caused by a previously unrecognized coronavirus from domesticated animals that is spread by droplet infection or by indirect or direct contact |
| droplet infection | Contact transmission of disease through small liquid droplets |
| direct contact | Mode of disease transmission requiring person to person body contact |
| indrect contact | Spread of disease agents through fomites |
| fomites | obejects or surfaces |
| Sin Nombre virus | A previously unrecognized rodent carried hantavirus that produces fever, mucle aches, nausea , vomiting, headaches, severe respiratory distress with death in about one half of those infected. |
| Causes of disease emergence | Ecological, Changes in human demographics or behaviors, technology, microbial changes, breakdown in public health measures |
| Vibrio cholerae | Is the causitive agent for cholera it can cause death and has been isolated to oysters and oyster-eating fish. It is found in the United States and South and Central America. It is also carried through the shippment of goods throughout the world. |
| Viral encephalitis | Is caused by the bite of a tiger mosquito, the encephalitis causes fever, infection of the central nervous system, headache, vomiting,lethargy, paralysis or convulsions. These mosquitos are found in the U.S., Brazil, and Africa |
| Escherichia coli | Over growth of microoganisms in udercooked or raw meats, fruits, yogurt, water, apple juice, coleslaw, and dried salmon. It has also affeted swimming pools and daycares. E. coli may cause a hemolytic syndrome that invloves malfucntion of the kidneys and lysis of red blood cells. |
| lysis | disruption of a cell |
| Salmonella | A bacteria that causes food posioning. Eggs are the leading cause of salnonella in the United States, however, the bacteria can be killed it heated to 161 degrees F for 15 seconds through pasteurization |
| examples of blood-borne viruses | HIV, Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus |
| Blood-borne pathogens | Disease- producing microoganisms that are spread by contact with blood or other body fluids from and infected person |
| Blood-borne disease | Infectious diseases that are spread through contact with infected blood and other body fluids |
| vaccines | A substance that contains and antigen to which the immune system responds |
| antigens | Substances or cells that the body indentifies as foreign and towards which it mounts an immune responce |
| immunity | The ability to defend against the damage that may be caused by a microorganism. |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | Is an intestinal protozoon of animals that leaches into groundwater and contaminates drinking water sources of humans |
| DPT vaccination/inoculation | D= diphtheria, P= pertussis, T= tetanus |
| pertussis | the bacterium that causes whooping cough |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control and Prevention- The federal facility for diease eradication , epidemiology and education headquarters |
| epidemiology | The study of factors and mechanisms involved in the spread of disease with in a popualtion |
| natural reservoir | source |
| infection | Growth and surival of a microorganism on or in the body |
| infection contol | Controlling the spread fo disease angents by preforming specific procedures |
| antibiotic-resistant bacterias | drug resistant= Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant = enterococci, methicillin-resistant = Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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