GLOBAL HISTORY + GEOGRAPHY: Chapter 13 The Expansive Realm of Islam
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finalreviewflashcard on June 6, 2012
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Chapter 13
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 arabian peninsula | a peninsula in Southwest Asia, bounded by the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea; place where Islam originated |
| bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. |
| islamic golden age | A hypothetical period that describes the status of the Islamic world from the mid-8th to the mid-13th century CE (sack of Baghdad by Mongols). During this period, artists, engineers, scholars, poets, philosophers, geographers and traders in the Islamic world contributed to agriculture, the arts, economics, industry, law, literature, navigation, philosophy, sciences, sociology, and technology, both by preserving earlier traditions and by adding inventions and innovations of their own. |
| expansion and policies | Arabian Peninsula, some of E. Europe, most of N. Africa, and some areas in W. + E. Africa, follow life by Shariah |
| mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. |
| hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims |
| the five pillars | 1. only one god 2. pray five times a day, 3. fast during Romadan, 4. alms to the poor 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca |
| hijra | The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam |
| muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) |
| quran | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina |
| shariah | a law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death; it provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives |
| caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth |
| umayyad dynasty | Umayyads claimed caliphate after Ali Talib's (Muhammad's cousin and former caliph) death. Some accepted the ruling, called Sunnis, while others refused to do so (clled Shi'a). Shi'a believed only people directly related to Muhammad's son-in-law Ali should be caliph. Mu'awiyah, caliph and leader of Umayyads, revolted Ali's supporters. Muslim empire took on more Arab culture. Expanded. |
| abbasid dynasty | lasted from 750-1258 after the Umayyad dynasty and was a more prosperous time; Baghdad became the capital and both Arab and non-Arab Muslims could hold civil and military offices |
| sunni | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad |
| shia | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad |
| dar al-Islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule |
| spread of new crops | Increased varieties and quantities of food Industrial crops became the basis for a thriving textile industry |
| hemispheric trading zone | umayyad + abbasid maintained silk roads for military + trade |
| camels and caravans | camels were used for travel because they didnt need a lot of water, and they could cary heavy loads, caravans were a group of people and camels traveling together across the desert |
| al-andalus | A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established by the Berbers in the eighth century A.D. |
| veiling of women | upper class women covered their faces, didnt go out in public without an escort of servants or chaperone, sign of modesty, discouraged attention from men |
| sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life |
| influence of islam | Like Judaism, Christianity, is closely related to Islam. Christianity, an offshoot of Judaism and Islam revere Abraham and certain other patriarchs mentioned in the Hebrew Scriptures, Christian Scriptures and Qur'an . Having shared spiritual ancestors, is the reason they are sometimes called Abrahamic religions. It is difficult to compare Christianity of modern times because there is such a wide range of beliefs and practices among various wings of Christianity but at the time Islam was being formed in Muhammad's life time many similarities existed. Islam and Christianity share a common belief is a just and holy God, although Christians believe that the holy God is part of triumvirate, a bit complicated but basically three Gods in one God. LikeChristianity, Islam believes the God is just and that he has a personal relationship with his followers who are not limited to royalty or the rich. Good behavior on Earth, counts. After we die, our good deeds will be weighed against the bad and that will decide whether we enter heaven (or paradise) in the Islamic tradition. Unlike Judaism, Islam has a high respect for Jesus. They may not see him as God or the Son of God, but they see him as an important prophet, who ascended into heaven and will come again. They believe in the virgin birth and they believe in holy men, prophets and angels. They share a similar law of reciprocity like the Golden Rule, "Do unto others". Both Christianity believe in confessing and forgiveness of sins. Christians to the priest and Mulims to Allah. |
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