GLOBAL HISTORY + GEOGRAPHY: Chapter 14 The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
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finalreviewflashcard on June 6, 2012
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Chapter 14
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sui dynasty | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China |
| grand canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. (p. 277) |
| tang dynasty | considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty to include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia |
| li bo | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. |
| xuanzang | 712, Empress Wu's grandson, became emperor of China, welcomed artisans to his court, Tang arts flourished: translucent pottery - "china" |
| equal-field system | Chinese system during the Han dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land. |
| tributary states | independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler |
| buddhist influence in china | spread to China, then to SE Asia |
| dunhuang | oasis where Buddhism gained a "foot-hold" in China, very elaborate and decorated caves made it a cultural center for converts to Buddhism |
| chan/zen buddhism | A Chinese Buddhist sect (known as Zen in Japan); stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society. |
| song dynasties | Golden Ages of China. Included peace,prosperity, porcelain, poetry, mechanical clocks, gunpowder, sternpost rudder, smallpox vaccine, block printing, moveable type, spinning wheels. |
| neo-confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism |
| fast-ripening rice | acquired by Chinese through trade with Vietnam. ripens twice a year, which allowed farmers to harvest more crops. allowed China's population to expand |
| internal trade in China | north could trade with south (regionalized goods) by using the grand canal |
| population and urbanization | Population growth was due to the increase in farming, and more people means more workers, and more workers means more cities, and more people in more cities is urbanization |
| foot binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household |
| porcelain | a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China |
| gunpowder | The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets. (p. 289) |
| block printing | A printing technique developed by early Chinese printers, who hand-carved characters and illustrations into a block of wood, applied ink to the block, and then printed copies on multiple sheets of paper |
| moveable type | This was used for printing, and meant that individual letters and words could be moved around to create a page of type. It was an invention of the Renaissance (gold-smiths and paper-makers working together) and helped the spread of humanism over the Alps as it meant that printing was much easier, cheaper, and more efficient. It also led to the famous printing of vernacular Bibles in 1450 by Gutenberg. |
| naval technology | the cannon, the caravel, the magnetic compass, the astrolabe, and nocturnal. |
| paper money | legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins |
| silla dynasty | Unites Korea, arts flourish, buddhism grows, capital Kyongju was the city of gold. |
| chinese influence on korea | -Tributary embassies included Korean royal officials and scholars -The Silla kings built a new capital at Kumsong modeled on the Tang capital -Korean elite turned to neo-Confucianism; peasants turned to Chan Buddhism |
| chinese influence on vietnam | -Viet people adopted Chinese agriculture, schools, and thought -Tributary relationship with China -When Tang fell, Vietnam gained independence |
| chinese influence on japan | -Many Vietnamese retained their religious traditions -Women played more prominent roles in Vietnam than in China |
| nara japan | Japanese period (710-794) centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence. |
| heian japan | (794-1185 C.E.) local rulers on the island of Honshu recognized the emperor as Japan's supreme political authority, but, unlike China, Japanese emperors rarely ruled; they only acted as figure heads. Fujiwara family had the power. Two sections of rule: imperial house and ruling parties and factions. Culture of Heian was influenced by Chinese traditions. |
| shintoism | Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship. |
| the tale of genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society. |
| feudal japan | The "feudal" period of Japanese history, dominated by the powerful regional families (daimyo) and the military rule of warlords (shogun), stretched from the 12th through the 19th centuries. The Emperor remained but was mostly kept as a figurehead ruling position. |
| shogun | the supreme military commander of Japan |
| samurai | class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land |
| code of bushido | "The Way of the Warrior". Samurai Code of Conduct: Loyalty, Bravery, Honor. Those who broke the Code had to commit ritual suicide called Seppuku. |
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