Chapter 43 Science
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Reproductive System | Body system that produces, stores, nourishes, ad releases gametes |
| Testis | Male gonad that produces sperm and androgens. |
| Androgen | Steroid hormone in males involved in the development of male reproductive structures. |
| Ovary | Female gonad that produces ova and estrogens. |
| Estrogen | Steroid hormone in females involved in the development of the reproductive organs. |
| Puberty | Period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional. |
| Gonad | Reproductive gland that produces gametes and sex hormones. |
| Scrotum | External sac in which the testes are located. |
| Seminiferous Tubules | One of thousands of tiny tubules that make up the testes. |
| Testosterone | Principal male sex hormone that stimulates the development of many male sex characteristics. |
| Secondary Sex Characteristic | Sex characteristic that appears at puberty. |
| Epididymis | Structure in the male reproductive system attached to the seminiferous tubules in which sperm mature and are stored. |
| Vas Deferens | Tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. |
| Seminal Fluid | Substance in which sperm are suspended that is produced by three glands in the abdominal cavity. |
| Semen | Combination of sperm and seminal fluid. |
| Urethra | Tube through which urine is released from the body. |
| Penis | External male reproductive organ; the organ through which the urethra connects to the outside of the body in humans and certain other animals |
| Ovum | Egg produced in an ovary. |
| Primary Follicle | Cluster of cells that surround an ovum and prepare it for release from the ovary. |
| Ovulation | Process that involves the release of a mature ovum from the ovary. |
| Fallopian Tube | One of two fluid-filled tubes in human females through which an ovum passes after its release from an ovary; location of fertilization. |
| Uterus | ORgan lying between the Fallopian tubes and the vagina in which a fertilized ovum can develop. |
| Vagina | Canal that leads from the uterus to the outside of the female body. |
| Menopause | Period after which follicle development no longer occurs and a female is no longer capable of bearing a child. |
| Menstrual Cycle | Process that involves the development and release of an egg for fertilization and the preparation of the uterus to receive a fertilized egg. |
| Corpus Luteum | Name given to the follicle after ovulation because of its yellow appearance. |
| Progesterone | Steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum. |
| Menstruation | Last phase of the menstrual cycle during which the lining of the uterus along with blood and the unfertilized ovum are discharged through the vagina. |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg cell. |
| Cleavage | Mitotic cell division of a zygote or early embryo. |
| Morula | Solid ball of cells that make up an embryo; in humans, this stage occurs four days after fertilization. |
| Blastocyst | Hollow structure in early human embryonic development that results after the morula form a fluid-filled cavity in the center. |
| Implantation | Process in early embryonic development in which the blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus and begins to grow inward. |
| Gastrulation | Process of cell migration during which the primary germ layers are formed in an embryo. |
| Ectoderm | Outermost primary germ layer in an animal embryo. |
| Mesoderm | Middle primary germ layer in an animal embryo. |
| Endoderm | Innermost primary germ layer in an animal embryo |
| Amnion | Membrane that surrounds and protects a developing embryo; in placental mammals such as humans, develops into the amniotic sac. |
| Chorion | Outermost membrane surrounding a developing reptile, bird, or mammal embryo; forms the placenta in placental mammals. |
| Placenta | Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother. |
| Fetus | Unborn young of an animal during the later stages of development; in humans, the name give to embryo after eight weeks of development. |
| Umbilical Cord | Contains two arteries and one vein, connects the fetus to the placenta. |
| Amniotic Sac | fluid-filled structure that cushions and protects the developing fetus in placental mammals such as humans. |
| Labor | Series of rhythmic contractions that cause the opening of the cervix of the uterus to expand so that it will be large enough to allow the baby to pass through. |
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