Social Science Cards T2
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 World War I | - From: 1914 - 1918 - 8 million killed - 20 million injured |
| Why did Australia go to WWI? | - Australia was proud to be part of the British empire - Australia accepted the role of supporting Britain in international conflicts including WAR - there was a deep sense of loyalty for most people to the Mother country - try and prove that we were as good as Britain - duty and obligation |
| The ANZAC legend | - it is believed the ANZAC troop sacrifices brought the Australian identity as its own nation alive - it was believed that we had proved ourselves equal or better than the British - Courage and sense of Mateship, represented what Australia stood for |
| The Home front | - life at home greatly changed - cost of living increased - Anti - German - censorship |
| William Morris Hughes | - Prime minister during WWI from 1915 after succeeding Andrew Fisher - commonly known as 'Billy Hughes' - small in statue, partly deaf, ruthless and secretive - provided determined war leadership |
| The conscription issue | - divided Australia - dominated discussions in the parliament, church, shops and within families - made people re - consider the value of war and our commitment to Britain - conscription was voted against in 2 referendums |
| Archbishop Daniel Mannix | one of the most outspoken asvocates against conscription Melbourne Roman Catholic Archbishop |
| Gallipolli | 8 709 killed and 12 924 wounded 25 April - 18 December 1915 By May 1915, 27 000 men landed in ANZAC cove hand to hand fighting occurred thousands of dead and wounded lay in open spaces - temporary ceasefire was agreed to bury dead and retrieve wounded - ANZAC S had to fight their way up steep cliffs under Turkish machine gun fire |
| Trench Warfare | Conditions: - poor water - poor food - general concern for others - no toilets - lice in clothes - poor hygiene CREATED DEADLOCK IN THE WAR three - line trench system |
| Turkish positional advantage | The turkish had an advantage at Gallipoli as they could: - see alot more than the ANZAC's - they could fire down the hills - they only had to wait for the ANZAC's to come up to them where they could attack them |
| Environmental obstacles for troops | steep hills up to where the Turkish where sandy hills corpses |
| Simpson and His donkey | ... |
| The Huns | HUN = an offensive term for a German person or the German people, used especially by their opponents during World Wars I and II |
| War precautions Act | The Act gave the Commonwealth great jurisdiction - powers that were far greater than it would have under peace conditions. It could make laws that were normally not within its prerogative - so in effect the Constitution which normally limited the Commonwealth's power was suspended for the duration of the war and six months afterwards. The War Precautions Act and the Defence Act gave the Commonwealth authority to make laws about anything that affected the war effort |
| Propaganda | One sided material - posters/ cartoons/ paintings/ pictures |
| Arguments for Conscription | - Australia's duty to support Great britain - conscription meant 'equality of sacrifice' - voluntary recruitment had failed - Australia had a good reputation that had to be protected - other countries had already introduced conscription |
| Arguments against conscription | - no person had the right to send another to be killed or wounded - there would not be enough hands to farm - working class would unfairly bear the burden of the fight - Too many men had already died or been wounded - conscription would harm and divide Australia |
| Billy Hughes view on conscription | was for conscription |
| Who is Ellis Ashmead - Bartlett | Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett (11 February 1881 - 4 May 1931) was a British war correspondent during the First World War. Through his reporting of the Battle of Gallipoli, Ashmead-Bartlett was instrumental in the birth of the Anzac legend which still dominates military history in Australia and New Zealand. Through his outspoken criticism of the conduct of the campaign, he was instrumental in bringing about the dismissal of the British commander-in-chief, Sir Ian Hamilton — an event that led to the evacuation of British forces from the Gallipoli peninsula which in turn contributed to the collapse of the Asquith government. |
| Groups for conscription | - Liberal Party - National Press - Anglican Church - Returned Soldiers Association - Employers Federation - Chamber of Commerce - Billy Hughes |
| Groups against conscription | - Labor Party (excluding Billy Hughes) - Labor Voters - Trade Unions - Roman Catholic Church - Archbishop Daniel Mannix |
| Armistice | a truce in a war to discuss terms for peace |
| Censorship | suppression of published or broadcast material: the suppression of all or part of a play, movie, letter, or publication considered offensive or a threat to security |
| Conscription | the obligatory enrollment of a citizen in the armed forces |
| Entente | a state of friendly agreement |
| Foreign Policy | consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations milieu. |
| Kaiser | German emperor: formerly, a German, Austrian, or Austro-Hungarian emperor, especially the German emperor Wilhelm II, who ruled Germany during World War I |
| Mobilization | to prepare forces for action: to organize people or resources in order to be ready for action or in order to take action, especially in a military or civil emergency, or to be organized for this purpose |
| Tsar | Russian emperor before 1917 |
| Victoria Cross | decoration given for bravery: a decoration in the form of a bronze cross, given to members of British and Commonwealth armed forces for conspicuous bravery. It was instituted by Queen Victoria in 1856. |
| Western Front | World War I battle line: the battle line between the French and British armies and the German armies in western Europe during World War I. It extended from Belgium to the Swiss border. 500 km long Different battles = - Fromelles - Pozieres - Bullecourt - Ypres Many causalties Western Front fighting lasted 3 years |
| Why war broke out | Tension between - Britain and Germany - France and Germany - Austro Hungary and Russia The Alliance System: By 1907, 6 major powers had formed 2 rival alliance blocks - The triple alliance (Germany, Italy, Austro - Hungary) - The triple entente (Britain, France, Russia) |
| Why did WWI break out? | - The July crisis in 1914 - The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir the the Austro - hungrarian throne on the 28th Jun 1914 |
| Why did young men enlist voluntarily? | - a great escape - four shillings a day pay - deep sense of loyalty to the Mother country - a question of honour - sense of adventure - idealism - sense of purpose - overseas for the first time - foreign travel - visit to the 'motherland' (Britain) |
| Evacuation of Gallipoli | most successful part of the campaign not one casualty self firing guns were used by 20th of December all the troops were out |
| Australia's Involvement | - Gallipoli - Battle of the Somme - The Western Front - The middle east |
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